阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)导致大脑间歇性缺氧和睡眠中断,导致认知功能障碍,但其发病机制尚不清楚。睡眠纺锤波是参与睡眠记忆巩固和突触可塑性的瞬时神经事件。本研究旨在探讨OSAS患者睡眠纺锤体活动的特点及其与记忆能力的关系。共有119名患者,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为OSAS组(n=59,AHI≥15)和对照组(n=60,AHI<15),入选并接受多导睡眠图检查。使用功率谱密度(PSD)和omega复杂度来分析睡眠纺锤体的单个和不同大脑区域的特征。在所有受试者中评估与记忆相关的认知功能,包括逻辑记忆,数字排序,模式识别,空间识别和空间工作记忆。OSAS组的纺锤体PSD明显慢于对照组,不管缓慢,快,或总主轴。前额叶和中央区纺锤体的复杂性显著降低,而在枕骨区增加。睡眠主轴PSD与逻辑记忆和工作记忆呈正相关。主轴复杂性与前额叶区域的即时逻辑和视觉记忆呈正相关,与中央区域的即时/延迟逻辑和工作记忆呈正相关。相比之下,枕骨区的纺锤体复杂性与延迟逻辑记忆负相关。前额叶和中央区域的纺锤体超连通性是逻辑下降的基础,视觉和工作记忆以及枕骨纺锤体中的弱连接是延迟逻辑记忆下降的基础。
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep disruption in the brain, resulting in cognitive dysfunction, but its pathogenesis is unclear. The sleep spindle wave is a transient neural event involved in sleep memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of sleep spindle activity and its relationship with memory ability in patients with OSAS. A total of 119 patients, who were divided into the OSAS group (n = 59, AHI ≥ 15) and control group (n = 60, AHI < 15) according to the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), were enrolled and underwent polysomnography. Power spectral density (PSD) and omega complexity were used to analyze the characteristics of single and different brain regions of sleep spindles. Memory-related cognitive functions were assessed in all subjects, including logical memory, digit ordering, pattern recognition, spatial recognition and spatial working memory. The spindle PSD of the OSAS group was significantly slower than the control group, regardless of the slow, fast, or total spindle. The complexity of the spindles in the prefrontal and central region decreased significantly, whereas it increased in the occipital region. Sleep spindle PSD was positively correlated with logical memory and working memory. Spindle complexity was positively correlated with immediate logical and visual memory in the prefrontal region and positively correlated with immediate/delayed logical and working memory in the central region. In contrast, spindle complexity in the occipital region negatively correlated with delayed logical memory. Spindle hyperconnectivity in the prefrontal and central regions underlies declines in logical, visual and working memory and weak connections in the occipital spindles underlie the decline in delayed logical memory.