背景:认知脆弱,以认知障碍和身体虚弱并存为特征,代表了人口老龄化的多方面挑战。心血管危险因素在这种复杂的相互作用中的作用尚未完全了解。
目的:通过汇集来自马来西亚两个队列研究的数据,探讨心血管危险因素与老年人认知虚弱之间的关系。
方法:采用了综合方法,共有512名60岁及以上的社区老年人,涉及先前研究中的两组老年人。与心血管风险相关的数据集,即社会人口因素,和心血管危险因素,包括高血压,糖尿病,高胆固醇血症,人体测量特征和生化特征,汇总进行分析。认知虚弱是根据临床痴呆评定量表和弗里德虚弱评分来定义的。使用Framingham风险评分确定心血管风险。使用SPSS版本21进行统计分析。
结果:在研究参与者中,46.3%表现为认知虚弱。心血管危险因素包括高血压(OR:1.60;95CI:1.12-2.30),低无脂质量(OR:0.96;95CI:0.94-0.98),高百分比的身体脂肪(OR:1.04;95CI:1.02-1.06),高腰围(OR:1.02;95CI:1.01-1.04),高空腹血糖(OR:1.64;95CI:1.11-2.43),高弗雷明汉风险评分(OR:1.65;95CI:1.17-2.31),连同社会人口因素,即,单身(OR3.38;95CI:2.26-5.05)和低家庭收入(OR2.18;95CI:1.44-3.30)与认知虚弱相关。
结论:心血管风险特异性危险因素和社会人口统计学因素与认知虚弱的风险相关,痴呆症的前驱阶段。心血管危险因素的早期识别和管理,特别是在特定人群中,可能会减轻认知脆弱的风险,从而预防痴呆症。
BACKGROUND: Cognitive frailty, characterized by the coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty, represents a multifaceted challenge in the aging population. The role of cardiovascular risk factors in this complex interplay is not yet fully understood.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between cardiovascular risk factors and older persons with cognitive frailty by pooling data from two cohorts of studies in Malaysia.
METHODS: A comprehensive approach was employed, with a total of 512 community-dwelling older persons aged 60 years and above, involving two cohorts of older persons from previous studies. Datasets related to cardiovascular risks, namely sociodemographic factors, and cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, anthropometric characteristics and biochemical profiles, were pooled for analysis. Cognitive frailty was defined based on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Fried frailty score. Cardiovascular risk was determined using Framingham risk score. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.
RESULTS: Of the study participants, 46.3% exhibited cognitive frailty. Cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (OR:1.60; 95%CI: 1.12-2.30), low fat-free mass (OR:0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98), high percentage body fat (OR:1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06), high waist circumference (OR:1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), high fasting blood glucose (OR:1.64; 95%CI: 1.11-2.43), high Framingham risk score (OR:1.65; 95%CI: 1.17-2.31), together with sociodemographic factors, i.e., being single (OR 3.38; 95%CI: 2.26-5.05) and low household income (OR 2.18; 95%CI: 1.44-3.30) were found to be associated with cognitive frailty.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular-risk specific risk factors and sociodemographic factors were associated with risk of cognitive frailty, a prodromal stage of dementia. Early identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among specific group of the population might mitigate the risk of cognitive frailty, hence preventing dementia.