羟基类固醇脱氢酶(HSD)是一种具有NADP(H)结合域的油体甾醇蛋白(甾醇磷脂),属于短链脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR)超家族。关于植物中HSDs的表征有许多研究。然而,到目前为止,这些基因的进化分化和分化分析仍有待探索。当前的研究使用了一种综合方法来阐明64个测序植物基因组中HSD的顺序进化。对它们的起源进行了分析,分布,重复,进化路径,域函数,主题组成,属性,和顺式元素。结果表明,除了藻类,HSD1广泛分布在从低等植物到高等植物的植物物种中,虽然HSD5仅限于陆生植物,在较少的单子叶植物和几种双子叶植物中鉴定出HSD2。HSD蛋白的系统发育分析表明,苔藓和蕨类植物中的单子叶HSD1最接近外群,V.CarteriHSD-like,M.musculusHSD1和H.sapiensHSD1。这些数据支持HSD1起源于苔藓植物,然后起源于非维管和维管植物的假设,其次是HSD5仅在陆地植物。基因结构分析表明,植物物种中的HSD具有固定数量的六个外显子,内含子相主要为0、1、0、0和0。同样,重复分析表明,节段性重复是植物物种中HSD的主要原因。理化性质表明双子叶植物HSD1s和HSD5s主要呈酸性。单子叶HSD1和HSD2以及双子叶HSD2,HSD3,HSD4,HSD6主要是碱性的,这意味着植物中的HSD可能具有多种功能。顺式调控元件和表达分析表明,植物中的HSD可能在几种非生物胁迫中起作用。由于HSD1和HSD5在种子中的高表达,这些HSD在植物中可能在脂肪酸积累和降解中起作用。
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDs) is an oil-body sterol protein (steroleosin) with an NADP(H) binding domain that belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. There are numerous studies on the characterization of HSDs in plants. However, thus far, the evolutionary differentiation and divergence analysis of these genes remain to be explored. The current study used an integrated method to elucidate the sequential evolution of HSDs in 64 sequenced plant genomes. Analyses were conducted on their origins, distribution, duplication, evolutionary paths, domain functions, motif composition, properties, and cis-elements. Results indicate that except for algae, HSD1 was widely distributed in plant species ranging from lower to higher plants, while HSD5 was restricted to terrestrial plants, and HSD2 was identified in fewer monocots and several dicot plants. Phylogenetic analysis of HSD proteins revealed that monocotyledonous HSD1 in moss and ferns appeared closest to the outgroup, V. carteri HSD-like, M. musculus HSD1, and H. sapiens HSD1. These data support the hypothesis that HSD1 originated in bryophytes and then in non-vascular and vascular plants, followed by HSD5 only in land plants. Gene structure analysis suggests that HSDs in plant species came up with a fixed number of six exons, and the intron phase was primarily 0, 1, 0, 0, and 0. Similarly, duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplications were the main reason for HSDs in plant species. Physicochemical properties suggest that dicotyledonous HSD1s and HSD5s were mainly acidic. The monocotyledonous HSD1s and HSD2s and the dicotyledonous HSD2s, HSD3s, HSD4s, and HSD6s were mainly basic, implying that HSDs in plants may have a variety of functions. Cis-regulatory elements and expression analysis revealed that HSDs in plants might have roles in several abiotic stresses. Due to the high expression of HSD1s and HSD5s in seeds, these HSDs in plants may have roles in fatty acid accumulation and degradation.