骨骼发育不良通常有很好的特征,在对目前已知导致单基因骨骼疾病的400多个基因的致病变异进行彻底分析后,只有少数病例仍未解决。这里,我们描述了一个11岁的芬兰女孩,出生于不相关的健康父母,有严重的身材矮小和类似于牙软骨发育不良(ODCD)的表型,由双等位基因TRIP11变异体引起的单基因骨骼发育不良。该家庭先前因严重的骨骼发育不良而失去了胎儿。外显子组测序和生物信息学分析显示,在索引患者中,TRIP11中的杂合无义突变和FKBP10,TBX5,NEK1和NBAS中的四个可能的致病性错义变体的寡遗传。有趣的是,已知除TBX5以外的所有这些基因以常染色体隐性方式导致骨骼发育不良.相比之下,发现胎儿是TRIP11突变纯合的,软骨分化型IA诊断为,因此,分子证实,表明家庭中两种不同的骨骼发育不良形式。据我们所知,这是芬兰家族中骨骼发育不良的寡基因遗传模型的首次报道.我们的发现可能对遗传咨询和理解尚未解决的罕见骨骼发育不良病例有影响。
Skeletal dysplasias are often well characterized, and only a minority of the cases remain unsolved after a thorough analysis of pathogenic variants in over 400 genes that are presently known to cause monogenic skeletal diseases. Here, we describe an 11-year-old Finnish girl, born to unrelated healthy parents, who had severe short stature and a phenotype similar to
odontochondrodysplasia (ODCD), a monogenic skeletal dysplasia caused by biallelic TRIP11 variants. The family had previously lost a fetus due to severe skeletal dysplasia. Exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis revealed an oligogenic inheritance of a heterozygous nonsense mutation in TRIP11 and four likely pathogenic missense variants in FKBP10, TBX5, NEK1, and NBAS in the index patient. Interestingly, all these genes except TBX5 are known to cause skeletal dysplasia in an autosomal recessive manner. In contrast, the fetus was found homozygous for the TRIP11 mutation, and achondrogenesis type IA diagnosis was, thus, molecularly confirmed, indicating two different skeletal dysplasia forms in the family. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an oligogenic inheritance model of a skeletal dysplasia in a Finnish family. Our findings may have implications for genetic counseling and for understanding the yet unsolved cases of rare skeletal dysplasias.