气候变化介导的海平面上升和风暴潮,随着人口密集的沿海地区不分青红皂白地开采地下水,导致海水入侵。对地下水盐渍化和重金属污染趋势的研究有限。本研究调查了重金属污染,相关风险,并提供了关于奥里萨邦沿海平原地下水盐碱化对重金属影响的初步信息,印度。总共收集并分析了50个地下水样本(季风后和季风前各25个)。铁的浓度(44%),锰(44%),季风后的As(4%)和Al(4%)以及Fe(32%),Mn(32%),作为(4%),季风前的B(8%)和Ni(16%)超过了印度标准局(BIS)饮用水限值。高浓度的重金属(Fe,Sr,Mn,B,Ba,Li,Ni和Co)和高EC(>3000μS/cm)表明,地下水-海水混合过程增强了研究区中部金属离子的浸出和离子交换。多元统计分析建议浸出过程,海水入侵和农业实践是地下水中主要的重金属来源。季风后样品的4%和季风前样品的16%代表高重金属污染指数(HPI)。污染指数表明,由于盐水入侵和大量农业活动,中部和中南部地区受到高度污染。在两个季节,地下水系统的生态风险都很低(ERI<110)。儿童人口比成年人更容易受到健康风险的影响。危害指数(HI>1)显示出显著的非致癌风险,其中Fe、Mn,As,B,Li和Co是潜在的贡献者。终生癌症风险增加(ILCR>1.0E-03)提示高致癌风险,其中As和Ni是主要贡献者。该研究得出结论,地下水盐渍化会增加重金属含量和相关风险。这将有助于决策者采取适当措施进行可持续的沿海地下水管理。
Climate change-mediated rise in sea level and storm surges, along with indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater along populous coastal regions have led to seawater intrusion. Studies on groundwater salinization and heavy metal contamination trends are limited. Present study investigated the heavy metal contamination, associated risks and provided initial information on the impacts of groundwater salinization on heavy metals along the coastal plains of Odisha, India. Total 50 groundwater samples (25 each in post- and pre-monsoon) were collected and analysed. Concentrations of Fe (44%), Mn (44%), As (4%) and Al (4%) in post-monsoon and Fe (32%), Mn (32%), As (4%), B (8%) and Ni (16%) in pre-monsoon exceeded Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking water limits. High concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Sr, Mn, B, Ba, Li, Ni and Co) and high EC (>3000 μS/cm) indicated that the groundwater-seawater mixing process has enhanced the leaching and ion exchange of metallic ions in central part of the study area. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested leaching process, seawater intrusion and agricultural practices as the main heavy metal sources in the groundwater. 4% of samples in post- and 16% in pre-monsoon represented high heavy metal pollution index (HPI). Pollution indices indicated the central and south-central regions are highly polluted due to saline water intrusion and high agricultural activities. Ecological risks in the groundwater systems found low (ERI <110) in both seasons. Children population found more susceptible to health risks than adults. Hazard index (HI > 1) has shown significant non-carcinogenic risks where Fe, Mn, As, B, Li and Co are the potential contributors. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR >1.0E-03) has suggested high carcinogenic risks, where As and Ni are the major contributors. The study concluded that groundwater salinization could increase the heavy metal content and associated risks. This would help policymakers to take appropriate measures for sustainable coastal groundwater management.