海洋是地球动力学的关键组成部分,为人类提供各种各样的生态系统服务。然而,人类活动正在全球范围内改变其结构和主要组成部分,包括海洋生物多样性。在这种情况下,联合国宣布了海洋科学促进可持续发展十年,以通过可持续发展目标14应对可持续利用海洋所必需的科学挑战。这里,我们回顾了声学动物跟踪,使用电子设备跟踪海洋生物多样性的广泛分布的方法,可以为实施实现SDG14的主要行动提供路线图。我们表明,声学跟踪可用于减少和监测海洋污染的影响,包括噪声,光,塑料污染。声跟踪可有效用于监测海洋生物多样性对人造基础设施和生境恢复的反应,以及确定缺氧的影响,海洋变暖,和酸化。声学跟踪历史上一直被用来为渔业管理提供信息,海洋保护区的设计,以及对基本栖息地的探测,使这种技术对实现可持续捕捞和空间保护目标特别有吸引力SDG14。最后,声学跟踪可以有助于结束非法,未报告,监测针对偷猎者的海洋生物多样性和促进小岛屿发展中国家和发展中国家的发展的工具。为了充分受益于支持SDG14目标的声学跟踪,需要通过跟踪网络进行跨界合作,以促进海洋信息共享和海洋素养。因此,我们建议声学跟踪和跟踪网络作为相关贡献者,以应对联合国推动的可持续利用海洋所必需的科学挑战。
The ocean is a key component of the Earth\'s dynamics, providing a great variety of ecosystem services to humans. Yet, human activities are globally changing its structure and major components, including marine biodiversity. In this context, the United Nations has proclaimed a Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development to tackle the scientific challenges necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean by means of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG14). Here, we review how Acoustic animal Tracking, a widely distributed methodology of tracking marine biodiversity with electronic devices, can provide a roadmap for implementing the major Actions to achieve the SDG14. We show that acoustic tracking can be used to reduce and monitor the effects of marine pollution including noise, light, and plastic pollution. Acoustic tracking can be effectively used to monitor the responses of marine biodiversity to human-made infrastructures and habitat restoration, as well as to determine the effects of hypoxia, ocean warming, and acidification. Acoustic tracking has been historically used to inform fisheries management, the design of marine protected areas, and the detection of essential habitats, rendering this technique particularly attractive to achieve the sustainable fishing and spatial protection target goals of the SDG14. Finally, acoustic tracking can contribute to end illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing by providing tools to monitor marine biodiversity against poachers and promote the development of Small Islands Developing States and developing countries. To fully benefit from acoustic tracking supporting the SDG14 Targets, trans-boundary collaborative efforts through tracking networks are required to promote ocean information sharing and ocean literacy. We therefore propose acoustic tracking and tracking networks as relevant contributors to tackle the scientific challenges that are necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean promoted by the United Nations.