微塑料是污水处理厂中最难去除的新污染物之一。为了探究其发生形式,大小分布,composition,去除效率,移民法,以及污水处理厂中微塑料颗粒的命运行为特征,以呼和浩特市的污水处理厂为例,总共设立了17个采样点。LASX软件计算了形状,丰度,和微塑料的尺寸,并进行了全过程分析。结果表明:纤维状微塑料丰度最高、分布最广,是其主要存在形式,占总丰度的61.8%;微塑料的大小主要在0到1.00mm之间,在四种尺寸中,中国微塑料的丰度为0.25至0.50毫米,占32.9%。在检测到的八种塑料成分中,聚酯物质(PET,PBT),纤维素,聚丙烯(PP)是主要成分,占25%,21%,17%,分别。污水厂进水丰度为(73±5)n·L-1,出水丰度为(14±2)n·L-1,总去除率为(80.8±12.1)%。在污水处理厂的三个处理阶段中,只有初级治疗起了去除的作用,在二次处理中,大量的微塑料激增。不同结构在微塑料去除中起主要作用的是细格(49.2±7.4)%和二级沉淀池(92.4±13.9)%。微塑料主要以纤维的形式存在,碎片,和电影。纤维的比例约为70%,碎片大小主要集中在0.50~5.00mm之间。大多数碎片在5.00毫米的范围内,占50%,使它们成为除了纤维以外的主要形式。膜状尺寸大多集中在小于0.50mm的范围内,占10%以上。因此,提高对小尺寸纤维状和膜状微塑料和大尺寸破碎微塑料颗粒的去除,可以有效降低污水厂排水对环境中微塑料的污染风险。
Microplastics are among the most difficult new pollutants to remove in wastewater treatment plants. In order to explore the occurrence form, size distribution, composition, removal efficiency, migration law, and fate behavior characteristics of microplastic particles in sewage plants, taking a sewage treatment plant in Hohhot as an example, a total of 17 sampling sites were set up. The LAS X software counted the shape, abundance, and size of microplastics and conducted a full-process analysis. The results showed that: fibrous microplastics had the highest abundance and widest distribution and were the main form of existence, accounting for 61.8% of the total abundance; the size of microplastics ranged mainly between 0 and 1.00 mm, and among the four sizes, the abundance of microplastics 0.25 to 0.50 mm in China was the highest, accounting for 32.9%. Among the eight types of plastic components detected, polyester substances (PET, PBT), cellulose, and polypropylene (PP) were the main components, accounting for 25%, 21%, and 17%, respectively. The influent abundance of the sewage plant was (73 ±5) n·L-1, the effluent abundance was (14 ±2) n·L-1, and the overall removal rate was (80.8 ±12.1)%. Among the three treatment stages of the sewage plant, only the primary treatment played a role in removal, and the abundance of microplastics surged in the secondary treatment. Different structures playing a major role in the removal of microplastics were fine grids (49.2 ±7.4)% and secondary sedimentation tanks (92.4 ±13.9)%. Microplastics mainly existed in the form of fibers, fragments, and films. The proportion of fibers was approximately 70%, and the size of fragments was mainly concentrated between 0.50 and 5.00 mm. Most fragments were in the range of 5.00 mm, accounting for 50%, making them the main form apart from fibrous. The film-like size was mostly concentrated in the range of less than 0.50 mm, accounting for more than 10%. Therefore, improving the removal of small-sized fibrous and film-like microplastics and large-sized fragmented microplastic particles can effectively reduce the pollution risk of microplastics in the environment caused by sewage plant drainage.