背景:血液传播病原体(BBP)是在人类血液中发现的传染性微生物,可引起人类疾病。医护人员如医生,外科医生,护士,牙医,牙科学生,牙科助理,实验室技术人员,处理传染性废物的人员,和其他医疗保健员工接触这些病原体的风险增加。针头或其他尖锐物体的经皮损伤是工作场所BBP的主要来源。针刺伤(NSI)具有最大的传播潜力,并且具有最简单的BBP传播方式。
方法:作者搜索了电子数据库(PubMed,WebofScience,谷歌学者,Scopus,Embase,MEDLINE-Ovid)的研究和文章集中在NSI的各个方面,可能的原因,预防,和管理协议。
结果:缺乏关于牙科医师中NSI的全球患病率和临床医师对NSI的漏报的文献。作者还发现,牙科学生和缺乏经验的从业者是最脆弱的。他们发现负责限制和管理NSI的各种监管和法定机构的指南和建议存在明显的不一致之处。
结论:全球卫生保健工作者最重要的职业风险是NSI。牙医被认为是接触NSI的高危人群之一。尽管报告率明显较低,牙科学生中NSI的频率高得惊人。
结论:对牙科保健工作者进行适当和简洁的培训对于预防和管理NSI至关重要。建议牙医熟悉疾病控制和预防中心等机构和组织的建议,职业安全与健康管理局,美国牙科协会。
Blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) are infectious microorganisms that are found in human blood and can cause diseases in humans. Health care workers such as physicians, surgeons, nurses, dentists, dental students, dental assistants, laboratory technicians, personnel handling infectious waste, and other health care employees are at increased risk of exposure to these pathogens. Percutaneous injuries from needles or other sharp objects are the major sources of BBPs in the workplace. Needlestick injuries (NSIs) have the most potential to transmit and have the easiest mode of transmission of BBPs.
The authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE-Ovid) for studies and articles focused on the various aspects of NSIs, their possible causes, prevention, and management protocols.
There is a lack of literature on the global prevalence of NSIs among dental practitioners and underreporting of NSIs by clinicians. The authors also found that dental students and inexperienced practitioners were the most vulnerable. They found apparent inconsistencies in guidelines and recommendations from various regulatory and statutory agencies in charge of limiting and managing NSIs.
The most significant occupational risks for health care workers globally are NSIs. Dentists are recognized as one of the high-risk groups for exposure to NSIs. Although the reporting rate was noticeably low, the frequency of NSIs among dental students was alarmingly high.
Appropriate and succinct training of dental health care workers is crucial for prevention and management of NSIs. It is recommended that dentists familiarize themselves with recommendations from such agencies and organizations as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and American Dental Association.