OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in retinal and choroidal microvascular structures in the macular region after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and their relationship to visual function at 3months.
METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 37 eyes of 37 patients who underwent surgery for RRD (pneumatic retinopexy and/or pars plana vitrectomy). All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), anterior segment and fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging 3months postoperatively. The healthy fellow eyes formed the control group. OCTA was used for the assessment of macular vessel density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), central macular thickness, and choroidal and outer retinal flow rates.
RESULTS: The findings showed that the VD of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses were lower in the RRD group compared to the control group (P=0.012; P<0.001). The FAZ was larger in the RRD group (P=0.035). The choroidal flows in the 1 and 3mm2 were lower in the RRD group (P<0.001). Superficial FAZ area and choroidal flow rate (1 and 3mm2 areas) were moderately negatively correlated with BCVA (P=0.008; P=0.035; P=0.008).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the FAZ was larger, and the choroidal flow rate was lower, in the RRD group compared to the control group. Choroidal flow rate was negatively correlated with postoperative BCVA. Ischemic events resulting from the RRD were likely the reason for these changes.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative measurements of retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) have been used to assess cardiovascular risk profile. However, to date, there are no studies focusing on OCT-A imaging in the setting of the altered hemodynamic status found in high-risk cardiovascular patients.
METHODS: To determine the potential association between retinal vascular density on OCT-A and a comprehensive battery of hemodynamic variables in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) using data from the acute phase and at 3 months follow-up after cardiac rehabilitation. This prospective longitudinal study included patients who presented with MI in the cardiology intensive care unit at Dijon University Hospital. Main outcomes and measurements were retinal vessel density on OCT-A, hemodynamic status based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and indexed cardiac output during the acute phase of myocardial infarction and at 3 months follow-up.
RESULTS: Overall, 30 patients were included in this pilot study. The median (IQR) age was 64 years (55-71) with 87% men. At admission, the mean (SD) LVEF was 53% (11), and the mean indexed cardiac output was 2.70 (0.83) L/min/m2. On OCT-A, the mean inner retinal vascular density was 19.09 (2.80) mm-1. No significant association was found between retinal vascular density and hemodynamic variables.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant association between retinal vascular density on OCT-A and hemodynamic variables in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction or after 3 months of cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, OCT-A findings do not seem to be influenced by the hemodynamic changes associated with myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell retinopathy is the main ophthalmologic complication of sickle cell syndrome. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) permit demonstration of central retinal involvement. The goal of this study is to determine whether central retinal involvement is predictive of peripheral retinal ischemia.
METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of 31 patients with sickle cell disease who underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. We focused on capillary density of the superficial and deep plexuses and the central avascular surface by OCT-A, and retinal layer thickness by OCT. All of the findings obtained by OCT-A and OCT were classified according to the Goldberg stages on fluorescein angiography.
RESULTS: A thinning of the mean and temporal deep plexus capillary layer as well as a loss of the temporal density of the superficial plexus capillaries are significantly higher in the case of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (P=<0.05). A significant negative correlation is observed between the mean and temporal density of the superficial (R=-0.31; P=0.02 and R=-0.43; P=0.0009) and deep plexus capillaries (R=-0.39; P=0.003 et R=-0.43; P=0.0009) and the Goldberg stage in fluorescein angiography.
CONCLUSIONS: The study of the temporal capillary densities of the superficial and deep plexuses on OCT angiography may prove to be a useful tool for the ophthalmologist in order to diagnose patients at risk for proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes of the retinal peripapillary microvasculature on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic (NAION) neuropathy.
METHODS: Observational study of 10 patients at the acute phase of NAION. OCT-A was performed using a 3mm×3mm square centered on the optic disc (Cirrus HD-OCT with Angioplex, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). A qualitative comparison was made with the healthy fellow eye of each patient. All patients had a fluorescein angiography (HRA2, Heidelberg, Germany) and a visual field examination (Octopus 101®, Haag-Streit, USA).
RESULTS: In the affected eyes, OCT-A showed clear modifications in the radial peripapillary network. In all these eyes, a focal disappearance of the superficial capillary radial pattern was present, twisted and irregular. In 8 eyes, there was also a lack of vascularization in some focal areas, appearing as dark areas. No correlation was found between the topography of the vascular alteration shown on OCT-A and visual field pattern defects.
CONCLUSIONS: OCT-A is a new imaging technology able to demonstrate easily and safely the changes in the peripapillary capillary network during the acute phase of NAION. These changes are likely related to a decrease of the prelaminar optic nerve blood flow during the acute phase of NAION. Visual field defects are not correlated with OCT-A images, suggesting that they may be due mainly to disturbances in posterior ciliary artery blood flow.

We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with fovea plana discovered on a systematic work-up. His best-corrected visual acuity was limited to 20/25 in both eyes. Anterior segment examination showed no evidence of iris transillumination or aniridia. Macular OCT revealed persistence of the inner nuclear layers in the foveolar area and an absence of foveal pits, suggesting a diagnosis of fovea plana. Fluorescein angiography revealed that the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was absent. OCT angiography revealed persistence of the superficial and deep capillary plexi. Our case confirms that OCT angiography affords additional insights into macular exploration and the diagnosis of fovea plana by revealing absence of the foveal pit associated with persistence of both superficial and deep capillary plexi in the foveal area.