人类尿液中存在的抗生素对农业中使用基于尿液的肥料提出了重大挑战。这项研究引入了一种新颖的两阶段方法,利用不同的生物炭类型来减轻这种担忧。最初,一种选择性吸附阿奇霉素(AZ)的改性生物炭,环丙沙星(CPX),磺胺甲恶唑(SMX),甲氧苄啶(TMP),和来自人尿中的四环素(TC)。随后,采用单独的原始生物炭来捕获营养物质。生物炭,从污水污泥中提取,并在550和700°C下热解,用二甲基亚砜改性,深共晶溶剂,和离子液体以增强第一阶段的抗生素去除。改性引入亲水官能团(-OH/-COOH),有利于抗生素吸附。吸附动力学遵循伪二阶模型,用Langmuir等温线模型最好地描述了吸附数据。AZ的最大吸附容量,CPX,SMX,TMP,改性后的TC分别为196.08、263.16、81.30、370.37和833.33μg/g,分别。与改性生物炭相比,原始生物炭表现出优异的氨吸附能力。氢键,静电吸引,化学吸附驱动抗生素在改性生物炭上的吸附。由于溶剂积累和生物炭表面上潜在的副产物形成(三次循环后<30%去除能力),再生效率下降。这项研究提出了创新的生物炭修饰策略,用于选择性抗生素吸附,为农业中环境友好型尿基肥奠定基础。
Antibiotics present in human urine pose significant challenges for the use of urine-based fertilizers in agriculture. This study introduces a novel two-stage approach utilizing distinct biochar types to mitigate this concern. Initially, a modified biochar selectively adsorbed azithromycin (AZ), ciprofloxacin (CPX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), and tetracycline (TC) from human urine. Subsequently, a separate pristine biochar was employed to capture nutrients. Biochar, derived from sewage sludge and pyrolyzed at 550 and 700 °C, was modified using dimethyl sulfoxide, deep eutectic solvent, and ionic liquid to enhance antibiotic removal in the first stage. The modifications introduced hydrophilic functional groups (-OH/-COOH), which favor antibiotic adsorption. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, with the Langmuir isotherm model best describing the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacities for AZ, CPX, SMX, TMP, and TC after the modification were 196.08, 263.16, 81.30, 370.37, and 833.33 μg/g, respectively. Pristine biochar exhibited a superior ammonia adsorption capacity compared to the modified biochar. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and chemisorption drove antibiotic adsorption on the modified biochar. Regeneration efficiency declined due to solvent accumulation and potential byproduct formation on the biochar surface (<30% removal capacity after three cycles). This study presents innovative biochar modification strategies for selective antibiotic adsorption, laying the groundwork for environmentally friendly urine-based fertilizers in agriculture.