背景:坚持地中海饮食(Dietmed)对心血管疾病(CVD)具有保护作用。在下肢外周动脉疾病(PAD)中,分析这些数据的研究较少。
目的:为了确定PAD患者对饮食和饮食习惯的依从性,根据CVD病史(冠状动脉和/或脑缺血病理)和踝肱指数(ABI≥或<0.5)。
方法:在三级医院进行的横断面分析研究。连续收集样品。社会人口统计学和临床史,包括踝臂指数(ABI)和14点饮食依从性饮食问卷。分类变量的分析采用皮尔逊卡方检验,独立样本的T-Student统计检验用于参数变量,非参数变量采用U.Mann-Whitney检验.
结果:在97名患者中,87,6%的人对饮食的依从性较低,根据PAD的严重程度没有差异。然而,当我们根据他们是否有CVD病史分析数据时,我们观察到饮食中包含的一些项目的依从性很高,具体来说,在CVD组中,瘦肉的消费量(95,5%vs64%;P=.004)。此外,我们观察到无CVD病史组的消耗量存在显著差异(32%vs9.1%;P=0.033).
结论:在我们的人群中,PAD患者,无论疾病的阶段以及他们是否有相关的冠状动脉或脑缺血病理,对饮食的依从性低。因此,在PAD患者的各个阶段实施营养教育计划非常重要,以及那些已经患有血管事件的患者,以便他们长期坚持健康的饮食习惯。
BACKGROUND: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Dietmed) exerts protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) there are fewer studies that analyze these data.
OBJECTIVE: To determine adherence to Dietmed and dietary habits in patients with PAD, according to a history of CVD (coronary and/or cerebral ischaemic pathology) and according to the ankle-brachial index (ABI ≥ or <0,5).
METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary hospital. The sample was collected consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical history, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and a 14-point Dietmed adherence dietary questionnaire were included. The analysis of categorical variables was carried out using the Pearson\'s Chi-Square test, the T-Student\'s statistic test for independent samples was used for parametric variables and the U. Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables.
RESULTS: Of the 97 patients, 87,6% had low adherence to Dietmed, with no differences according to the severity of PAD. However, when we analysed the data according to whether or not they had a history of CVD, we observed a high adherence to some items included in Dietmed, specifically, in the CVD group, the consumption of lean meat (95,5% vs 64%; P=.004). In addition, we observed a significant difference in the consumption in the group without a history of CVD (32% vs 9,1%; P=.033).
CONCLUSIONS: In our population, patients with PAD, regardless of the stage of the disease and whether they had associated coronary or cerebral ischaemic pathology, had low adherence to Dietmed. Therefore, it is important to implement nutritional education programmes in patients with PAD in all stages, as well as in those patients who have already suffered a vascular event, so that they maintain adherence to healthy dietary habits in the long term.