BACKGROUND: Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome, is a progressive genetic disease with a triad of reticulate skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia. Approximately 8-10% of patients with DKC develop malignancies, and cases of colorectal cancer with DKC in young people have been reported previously.
METHODS: A 25-year-old man with DKC since approximately 10 years of age developed fever and lower abdominal discomfort. Diagnostic imaging revealed locally advanced rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis, direct invasion of the prostate, and pelvic abscess due to tumor microperforation (cT4bN2M0 cStage IIIC). Biopsy showed well to moderately differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma. Genetic testing was negative for RAS and BRAF gene mutations, and microsatellite instability (MSI) testing was also negative. After sigmoid colostomy, the patient was treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with systemic chemotherapy (six courses of FOLFOX + panitumumab) followed by chemoradiation therapy (50.4 Gy with capecitabine). After TNT, the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes shrank. According to the findings of colonoscopy and magnetic resonance image (MRI), we diagnosed near complete response (near-CR) and decided to follow the patient without surgery by every 3 months re-evaluation. However, 5 months after TNT, tumor regrowth was detected on colonoscopy and imaging, and the patient underwent total pelvic exenteration. He developed paralytic ileus as a postoperative complication, and was discharged on the 38th postoperative day. Pathological examination revealed a residual tumor with invasion of the periprostatic tissue. There was no metastasis in the pararectal and lateral pelvic lymph nodes, but one extramural non-contiguous cancerous extension (tumor deposit) was observed (ypT4bN1cM0 ypStage IIIC). The patient has been free of recurrence for one year after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: DKC often develops into various tumors in the digestive system at an early age; therefore, appropriate surveillance may be required. In addition, considering that cancers in patients with DKC occur at a young age, fertility preservation and survivorship are also important, and adequate explanations and care should be provided to patients before and after treatment.

Background: Clinical quality measures exist for non-operative management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Factors predicting adherence are unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic CTS using MarketScan Research Database (2015-2020) was conducted. Six logistic regression models were designed to study adherence to quality measures within 1 year after diagnosis. Results: Of 782,717 patients identified, 514,073 (65.7%) were female with an average (SD) age of 51.4 (13.4) years. Only 88 patients (0.01%) met all quality measures. Greatest compliance observed with receipt of nerve conduction study (NCS; 283,959 [36.3%]), no prescription of medications (336,297 [43.0%]) and no laser therapy (772,979 [98.8%]); 294,305 patients (37.6%) received hand surgeon referral. Hand surgeon referral predicted higher likelihood of NCS and splinting (OR, 1.83; 95% CI: 1.81-1.84; OR, 2.53; 95% CI: 2.50-2.56) and medication over-prescription (OR, 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.10). Females were more likely to be referred to a hand surgeon and be referred for splinting (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; OR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.18-1.21) but less likely to have no prescriptions or avoid laser therapy (OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.84-0.85; OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79-0.86). Medicare recipients adhered less to quality measures compared to patients with fee-for-service insurance. As comorbidities increased, patients were less likely to receive hand surgeon referral and carpal tunnel release. Conclusions: Findings suggest that hand surgery referrals increased adherence to quality measures. Females, Medicare recipients and multimorbid patients should be targeted for improved care. Future quality care efforts should incentivise adherence for Medicare beneficiaries and improve guideline recognition amongst physicians. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic).

UNASSIGNED: Determine (a) utility of a shoulder referral algorithm, (b) patients improving ≥15% on the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff(WORC) score with standardized Physical Therapy(PT) +home exercises, and (c) presenting characteristics among PT-Only, PT + Surgical Consult and Surgery participants.
UNASSIGNED: Prospective cohort study of patients 30-65 years old with shoulder pain. A standardized PT program assessed pain, ROM, strength and exercise tolerance (i.e., referral algorithm) at 2-, 6- and 12-weeks to determine if a surgical consultation might be beneficial. A blinded research assessor evaluated pain, ROM, strength and WORC score at 6-, 12-weeks and 6-months. The proportion improving WORC scores ≥15% and group differences were also evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: 32/128 (25%) participants underwent consultation with 16 (12.5%) undergoing surgery. WORC scores improved ≥15% by 12-weeks in most PT-Only/PT + Surgical Consult participants (n = 77[70%]) and was maintained at 6-months. Surgery participants used more NSAIDs (p = 0.01), injections (p = 0.002) and trended to higher opioid use (p = 0.06). PT + Surgical Consult/Surgery participants (n = 16/32; 50%) knew diagnostic imaging results more than PT-Only (n = 26; 31%) (p = 0.02). Surgery participants presented with worse pain, ROM, strength and WORC scores than PT-Only (p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: The algorithm identified those with worse symptomology (25%), 50% of whom underwent surgery. WORC scores improved ≥15% in most participants (70%). Presenting characteristics were significantly worse between PT-Only and Surgery participants.
Patients presenting with rotator-cuff related shoulder pain are likely to report reduced pain, and improved range of motion, strength and health-related quality of life within 3-months of starting a physical therapy program that includes home exercises.A surgical referral algorithm based on patient symptomology and response to treatment may assist physical therapists in determining when patients with shoulder pain might benefit from a surgical consult, often in advance of 3-months.Patients who required surgery tended to present with more pain, loss of range of motion and strength than those who received physical therapy only, as well as a history of more injections and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.

Background and Objectives: Minimally invasive trauma management, including interventional radiology and non-operative approaches, has proven effective. Consequently, our hospital established a trauma IVR protocol called \"Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital trauma protocol (ONH trauma protocol) in 2013, mainly for trunk trauma. However, the efficacy of the ONH trauma protocol has remained unverified. We aimed to assess the protocol\'s impact using interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Ohta Nishinouchi hospital, a tertiary emergency hospital, from January 2004 to December 2019. We included patients aged ≥ 18 years who presented to our institution due to severe trauma characterized by an Abbreviated Injury Scale of ≥3 in any region. The primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital deaths per 100 transported patients with trauma. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with in-hospital mortality as the outcome, with no exposure before protocol implementation and with exposure after protocol implementation. Results: Overall, 4558 patients were included in the analysis. The ITSA showed no significant change in in-hospital deaths after protocol induction (level change -1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.82 to 1.84, p = 0.39; trend change -0.044, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.14, p = 0.63). However, the logistic regression analysis revealed a reduced mortality effect following protocol induction (odds ratio: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.66, p < 0.01, average marginal effects: -3.2%, 95% CI: -4.5 to -2.0, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The ITSA showed no association between the protocol and mortality. However, before-and-after testing revealed a positive impact on mortality. A comprehensive analysis, including ITSA, is recommended over before-and-after comparisons to assess the impact of the protocol.

This study assessed rotation control elastic strapping as a treatment for proximal phalanx spiral fractures in adults, with good clinical outcomes. This is a cheap, simple and reliable management technique that avoids potential operative complications.

Trauma is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in working-age population. Abdominal injuries comprise 20-30% of traumas. Uncontrolled bleeding is the main cause of death in 30-40% of patients. Among abdominal organs, spleen is most often damaged due to fragile structure and subcostal localization. In the last two decades, therapeutic management has become preferable in patients with abdominal trauma and stable hemodynamic parameters. In addition to clinical examination, standard laboratory tests and ultrasound, as well as contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen should be included in diagnostic algorithm to identify all traumatic injuries and assess severity of abdominal damage. Development of interventional radiological technologies improved preservation of damaged organs. Endovascular embolization can be performed selectively according to indications (leakage, false aneurysm, arteriovenous anastomosis) and considered for severe damage to the liver and spleen, hemoperitoneum or severe polytrauma. Embolization is essential in complex treatment of traumatic vascular injuries of parenchymal abdominal organs. We reviewed modern principles and methods of intra-arterial embolization for the treatment of patients with traumatic injuries of the liver and spleen.
Травма является одной из ведущих причин инвалидизации и смертности населения трудоспособного возраста. Повреждения органов брюшной полости фиксируются в 20—30% случаев травм. Неконтролируемое кровотечение — основной фактор, приводящий к смерти у 30—40% больных. Среди органов брюшной полости селезенка чаще всего повреждается из-за хрупкого строения и подреберного ее расположения. Неоперативное лечение в последние два десятилетия стало методом выбора у пациентов с травмой органов брюшной полости и стабильными показателями гемодинамики. В дополнение к клиническому обследованию, стандартным лабораторным тестам и ультразвуковому исследованию в алгоритм обследования должна быть включена компьютерная томография органов брюшной полости с контрастированием для выявления всех травматических повреждений и оценки тяжести повреждения органов брюшной полости. Развитие интервенционных радиологических технологий увеличило частоту сохранения поврежденного органа. Эндоваскулярная эмболизация может быть выполнена выборочно при наличии показаний (экстравазация, псевдоаневризма, артериовенозное соустье по данным спиральной компьютерной томографии), а также может быть рассмотрена как опция при тяжелом повреждении печени и селезенки, гемоперитонеуме или тяжелой политравме. Методы чрескатетерной эмболизации играют важную роль в комплексном современном лечении травматических сосудистых повреждений паренхиматозных органов брюшной полости. В данной статье представлен обзор современных принципов и методик применения внутриартериальной эмболизации для лечения пациентов с травмами печени и селезенки.

Optimal treatment for adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) is not defined. Surgery is the only method of treatment for obvious strangulating SBO. Non-operative management (NOM) is widely used among patients with low risk of strangulation, i.e. no clinical, laboratory and CT signs. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are recommended to determine the optimal method (early intervention or NOM), but their safety is unclear due to possible delay in surgery for patients needing early intervention.
METHODS: A RCT is devoted to outcomes of early operative treatment and NOM for adhesive SBO. The estimated trial capacity is 200 patients. Thirty-two patients were included in interim analysis. In 12 hours after admission, patients without apparent signs of strangulation were randomized into two clinical groups after conservative treatment. Group I included 12 patients who underwent immediate surgery, group II - 20 patients after 48-hour NOM. The primary endpoint was success of non-surgical regression of SBO and reduction in mortality. To evaluate patient safety, we analyzed mortality, complication rates and bowel resection in this RCT with previously published studies.
RESULTS: In group I, all 12 (100%) patients underwent surgery. Only 4 (20%) patients required surgery in group II. Mortality, complication rates and bowel resection rates were similar in both groups. Strangulating SBO was found in 8 (25%) patients. Overall mortality was 6.3%, bowel resection rate - 6.3%, iatrogenic perforation occurred in 3 (18.8%) patients. These values did not exceed previous findings.
CONCLUSIONS: Non-operative management within 48 hours prevented surgery in 80% of patients with SBO. Interim analysis found no significant between-group differences in mortality, complication rates and bowel resection rate. Patients had not been exposed to greater danger than other patients with adhesive SBO. The study is ongoing.
Оптимальное лечение спаечной кишечной непроходимости (КН) не определено. При очевидной странгуляционной КН операция является единственным методом лечения. Среди пациентов с низким риском странгуляции, т.е. без очевидных клинических, лабораторных и компьютерно-томографических признаков широко применяется неоперативное лечение (НОЛ). Для определения оптимального метода (ранняя операция или НОЛ) рекомендованы рандомизированные контролируемые исследования (РКИ), безопасность которых из-за возможной задержки операции у пациентов, нуждающихся в ранней операции, не определена.
UNASSIGNED: Приводится РКИ для сравнения результатов раннего ОЛ и НОЛ спаечной КН. Расчетная мощность исследования — 200 пациентов. В промежуточный анализ включены 32 пациента. Через 12 ч после госпитализации, пройдя консервативное лечение, пациенты без очевидных признаков странгуляции были рандомизированы в две клинические группы. В 1-ю группу включены 12 пациентов, которым сразу выполняли операцию. Во 2-ю группу рандомизированы 20 пациентов, которым проводили НОЛ в течение 48 ч. Первичный критерий эффективности: успех неоперативного разрешения КН и снижение летальности. Для оценки безопасности пациентов проведено сравнение летальности, частоты осложнений и резекции кишки текущего РКИ с ранее опубликованными исследованиями.
UNASSIGNED: В 1-й группе оперированы все 12 (100%) пациентов. Во 2-й группе НОЛ было эффективным у 16 (80%) больных. Операции потребовали только 4 (20%) пациента 2-й группы. Летальность, частота осложнений и резекции кишки в группах не отличались. Странгуляционная КН оказалась у 8 (25%) пациентов. Общая летальность составила 6,3%, частота резекции кишки — 6,3%, ятрогенная перфорация зафиксирована у 3 (18,8%) пациентов, что не превышало показателей ранее проведенных исследований.
UNASSIGNED: Неоперативное лечение в течение 48 ч позволило избежать операции 80% пациентов со спаечной КН. При промежуточном анализе не получено значимых отличий летальности, частоты осложнений и резекции кишки в группах. Пациенты, включенные в исследование, не подвергались большей опасности, чем другие пациенты со спаечной КН. Исследование продолжено.

OBJECTIVE: Nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injury (BSI) is well accepted in appropriate patients. Splenic artery embolization (SAE) in higher-grade injuries likely plays an important role in increasing the success of NOM. We previously implemented a protocol requiring referral of all BSI grades III-V undergoing NOM for SAE. It is unknown the risk of complications as well as longitudinal outcomes. We aimed to examine the splenic salvage rate and safety profile of the protocol. We hypothesized the splenic salvage rate would be high and complications would be low.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed at our Level 1 trauma center over a 9-year period. Injury characteristics and outcomes in patients sustaining BSI grades III-V were collected. Outcomes were compared for NOM on protocol (SAE) and off protocol (no angiography or angiography but no embolization). Complications for angiographies were examined.
RESULTS: Between January 2010 and February 2019, 570 patients had grade III-V BSI. NOM was attempted in 359 (63 %) with overall salvage rate of 91 % (328). Of these, 305 were on protocol while 54 were off protocol (41 no angiography and 13 angiography but no SAE). During the study period, for every grade of injury a pattern was seen of a higher salvage rate in the on-protocol group when compared to the off-protocol group (Grade III, 97 %(181/187) vs. 89 %(32/36), Grade IV, 91 %(98/108) vs. 69 %(9/13) and Grade V, 80 %(8/10 vs. 0 %(0/5). The overall salvage rate was 94 %(287) on protocol vs. 76 %(41) off protocol (p < 0.001, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). Complications occurred in only 8 of the 318 who underwent angiography (2 %). These included 5 access complications and 3 abscesses.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a protocol requiring routine splenic artery embolization for all high-grade spleen injuries slated for non-operative management is safe with a very low complication rate. NOM with splenic angioembolization failure rate is improved as compared to non-SAE patients\' at all higher grades of injury. Thus, SAE for all hemodynamically stable patients of all high-grade types should be considered as a primary form of therapy for such injuries.

BACKGROUND: Survival data on patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing non-operative management (NOM) in a real-world setting are lacking.
METHODS: We analyzed LARC patients from the National Cancer Database with the following features: treated between 2010 and 2020, age 18-65 years, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≤ 1, received neoadjuvant multiagent chemotherapy plus radiation ≥ 45 Gray, and underwent surgery or NOM. Patients were stratified into two groups: (A) clinical T1-3 tumors with positive nodes (cT1-3N+) and (B) clinical T4 tumors, N+/- (cT4N+/-). We performed a comparative analysis of overall survival (OS) with NOM versus surgery by the Kaplan-Meier method and propensity score matching. Additionally, a multivariable analysis explored the association between NOM and OS.
RESULTS: NOM exhibited significantly lower OS than surgery in both groups. In cT1-3N+ patients, NOM resulted in a 5-year OS of 73.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 69.7-77.6%) versus 84.5% (95% CI = 83.6-85.3%) with surgery (p < 0.001). In the cT4N+/- group, NOM yielded a 5-year OS of 44.5% (95% CI = 37.0-51.8%) versus 72.5% (95% CI = 69.9-74.8%) with surgery (p < 0.001). Propensity score matching and multivariable analyses revealed similar conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LARC undergoing NOM versus surgery in real-world settings appear to have inferior survival.

UNASSIGNED: Recent randomized trials have suggested non-operative management to be a safe alternative to appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Yet, there remains significant variability in treatment approach. This study sought to characterize center-level variation in non-operative management within a national cohort of adults presenting with appendicitis.
UNASSIGNED: The 2016-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried to identify all adult (≥18 years) hospitalizations for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Hierarchical, mixed-effects models were developed to ascertain factors linked with non-operative management. Bayesian methodology was applied to predict random effects, which were then used to rank centers by increasing hospital-attributed rate of non-operative management. Institutions with high center-specific rates of non-operative management (>90th percentile) were considered low-operating hospitals (LOH).
UNASSIGNED: Of an estimated 447,500 patients, 52,523 (11.7 %) were managed non-operatively. Compared to those undergoing appendectomy, the non-operative cohort was older, more commonly male, and of a higher comorbidity burden. Approximately 30 % in the variability of non-operative management was attributable to hospital effects, with absolute, risk-adjusted rates ranging from 0.5 to 22.5 %. Centers with non-operative management rates ≥90th percentile were considered LOH.Following risk adjustment, among patients undergoing appendectomy, care at LOH was linked with greater odds of postoperative infection, resource utilization, and non-elective readmission.
UNASSIGNED: We identified significant interhospital variation in the utilization of non-operative management for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Further, we found LOH to be associated with inferior outcomes following surgical management. Future work is needed to assess the care pathways that contribute to increased utilization of non-operative strategies, and disseminate best practices across institutions.