一些溶剂,(冬至PF,OpteonSF33和AmoleaAS-300),进行了比较,以推荐的载体溶剂的HFE7100为单位,用于的1,2-茚二酮和1,2-茚二酮制剂。由于HFE7100的供应将在2025年底停止,因此短期内需要合适的替代品,以确保对多孔表面上的潜在指纹的检测仍然有效。虽然这些溶剂,除AmoleaAS-300外,它们被归类为全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质(PFAS);它们不被归类为危险物质。这项研究中的替代品具有较低的全球变暖潜势和大气寿命,并且具有挥发性,不易燃和不消耗臭氧,除了其他所需的性能,如高润湿指数。在带有沉积指纹的第二阶段试验中,HFE7100提供了最好的结果,其次是OpteonSF33,SolsticePF和AmoleaAS-300。观察到效果大小的显着差异,效果大小可忽略不计(p值0.00179;ε20.00418),而1,2-茚二酮制剂则观察到效果大小弱的显着差异(p值2.095×10-10;ε20.0167)。此外,HFE7100提供了最少的油墨扩散和最明亮的1,2-茚二酮光度(与中等效果大小的p值1.772×10-13;ε20.0434存在显着差异),但HFE配方变得混浊得更快,需要定期更换。对100个多孔物品进行的第3阶段伪操作试验遵循类似的趋势,即HFE7100配方检测到最高的标记数,其次是OpteonSF33和SolsticePF。尽管HFE7100仍然是性能最好的载体溶剂,这项研究表明,在短期内,OpteonSF33和SolsticePF可能具有作为不易燃替代载体溶剂的潜力,同时开发无溶剂方法的长期目标。
A number of solvents, (Solstice PF, Opteon SF33 and Amolea AS-300), are compared to the recommended carrier solvent of HFE7100 for the
ninhydrin and 1,2-indandione formulations. As the supply of HFE7100 will cease by the end of 2025, suitable alternatives are required in the short-term to ensure the detection of latent fingermarks on porous surfaces is still effective. Although these solvents, with the exception of Amolea AS-300, are classified as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS); they are not classed as hazardous. The alternatives in this study have a low global warming potential and atmospheric lifetime and are volatile, non-flammable and non-ozone depleting, in addition to other desirable properties such as a high wetting-index. During Phase 2 trials with deposited fingermarks, HFE7100 provided the best performing results followed by Opteon SF33, Solstice PF and Amolea AS-300. A significant difference with a negligible effect size was observed for
ninhydrin formulations (p-value 0.00179; ε2 0.00418) while a significant difference with a weak effect size was observed for 1,2-indanedione formulations (p-value 2.095 ×10-10; ε2 0.0167). Furthermore, HFE7100 provided the least ink diffusion and the brightest 1,2-indanedione luminosity (significant difference with a moderate effect size p-value 1.772 ×10-13; ε2 0.0434) but the HFE formulation turned cloudy more quickly and needed regular replacements. Phase 3 pseudo-operational trials of 100 porous items followed a similar trend whereby HFE7100 formulations detected the highest number of marks followed by Opteon SF33 and Solstice PF. Although HFE7100 is still the best performing carrier solvent, this study demonstrates that, in the short-term, Opteon SF33 and Solstice PF may have potential as non-flammable replacement carrier solvents while developing the long-term goal of solvent-less methods.