目的:比较三种剂量率的阿法沙酮与氯胺酮-右美托咪定-咪达唑仑-曲马多联合用药(KDMT)固定金头猴(GHLTs)的心肺和麻醉效果。
方法:前瞻性临床试验。
方法:总共19名健康者,男性,野生捕获的GHLTs。
方法:Tamarins肌内(IM)以6、12或15mgkg-1或KDMT,氯胺酮(15mgkg-1),右美托咪定(0.015mgkg-1),咪达唑仑(0.5mgkg-1)和曲马多(4mgkg-1)IM。固定后立即,利多卡因(8mgkg-1)在所有动物的切口部位皮下(SC)浸润。生理变量,评估麻醉深度和固定质量。在程序结束时,向KDMT组IM施用阿替帕唑(0.15mgkg-1),向其他组IM施用曲马多(4mgkg-1)SC;所有动物均注射酮洛芬(2mgkg-1)SC。
结果:镇静作用的剂量依赖性增加,在阿法沙松组中注意到肌肉松弛和固定时间.尽管服用了阿帕美唑,KDMT的恢复时间长于所有其他组。在用阿法沙酮诱导和恢复期间,在一些动物中注意到肌肉震颤。阿法沙隆组之间的心血管变量没有观察到显著差异,而在KDMT中记录到心率和收缩压的初始下降,阿替美唑给药后增加。
结论:Alfaxalone剂量为12或15mgkg-1IM,局部麻醉可提供良好的镇静作用和主观上足够的疼痛控制。KDMT诱导了更深的麻醉平面,应考虑进行更具侵入性或痛苦的手术。所有研究组都经历了轻度至中度低温和低氧血症;因此,使用这些方案时,强烈建议使用更有效的加热设备和氧气补充。
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of alfaxalone at three dose rates in comparison with a ketamine-dexmedetomidine-midazolam-tramadol combination (KDMT) for immobilization of golden-headed lion tamarins (GHLTs) (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy.
METHODS: Prospective clinical trial.
METHODS: A total of 19 healthy, male, wild-caught GHLTs.
METHODS: Tamarins were administered alfaxalone intramuscularly (IM) at 6, 12 or 15 mg kg-1, or KDMT, ketamine (15 mg kg-1), dexmedetomidine (0.015 mg kg-1), midazolam (0.5 mg kg-1) and tramadol (4 mg kg-1) IM. Immediately after immobilization, lidocaine (8 mg kg-1) was infiltrated subcutaneously (SC) at the incision site in all animals. Physiologic variables, anesthetic depth and quality of immobilization were assessed. At the end of the procedure, atipamezole (0.15 mg kg-1) was administered IM to group KDMT and tramadol (4 mg kg-1) SC to the other groups; all animals were injected with ketoprofen (2 mg kg-1) SC.
RESULTS: A dose-dependent increase in sedation, muscle relaxation and immobilization time was noted in the alfaxalone groups. Despite the administration of atipamezole, the recovery time was longer for KDMT than all other groups. Muscle tremors were noted in some animals during induction and recovery with alfaxalone. No significant differences were observed for cardiovascular variables among the alfaxalone groups, whereas an initial decrease in heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure was recorded in KDMT, which increased after atipamezole administration.
CONCLUSIONS: Alfaxalone dose rates of 12 or 15 mg kg-1 IM with local anesthesia provided good sedation and subjectively adequate pain control for vasectomies in GHLTs. KDMT induced a deeper plane of anesthesia and should be considered for more invasive or painful procedures. All study groups experienced mild to moderate hypothermia and hypoxemia; therefore, the use of more efficient heating devices and oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended when using these protocols.