随着免疫治疗的发展,肿瘤治疗的进程也在向前发展。多糖是广泛存在于植物中的生物反应调节剂,动物,真菌,和藻类,主要由通过糖苷键共价连接的单糖组成。很长一段时间,多糖在临床上已广泛用于增强机体免疫力。然而,它们在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用机制尚未得到彻底探索.树突状细胞(DC)是抗原递呈细胞(APC)的异质群体,其在免疫应答的调节和维持中起关键作用。越来越多的证据表明,多糖可以增强DCs的基本功能来干预免疫应答。本文综述了天然多糖对DCs抗肿瘤免疫作用的研究进展。这些研究表明,多糖可以作用于DC表面的模式识别受体(PRRs)并激活磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT),丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK),核因子-κB(NF-κB),Dectin-1/Syk,和其他信号通路,从而促进DC的主要功能,如成熟,新陈代谢,抗原摄取和呈递,和T细胞的激活,然后发挥抗肿瘤作用。此外,多糖作为DC疫苗佐剂的应用,结合过继免疫疗法和免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs),以及它们与纳米颗粒(NPs)共组装成纳米药物递送系统也被介绍。这些结果揭示了多糖的生物学效应,为天然多糖的抗肿瘤免疫药理学研究提供了新的视角,并为指导多糖作为癌症免疫治疗的补充药物提供了有益的信息。
With the development of immunotherapy, the process of tumor treatment is also moving forward. Polysaccharides are biological response modifiers widely found in plants, animals, fungi, and algae and are mainly composed of monosaccharides covalently linked by glycosidic bonds. For a long time, polysaccharides have been widely used clinically to enhance the body\'s immunity. However, their mechanisms of action in tumor immunotherapy have not been thoroughly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of the immune response. There is growing evidence that polysaccharides can enhance the essential functions of DCs to intervene the immune response. This paper describes the research progress on the anti-tumor immune effects of natural polysaccharides on DCs. These studies show that polysaccharides can act on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of DCs and activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Dectin-1/Syk, and other signalling pathways, thereby promoting the main functions of DCs such as maturation, metabolism, antigen uptake and presentation, and activation of T cells, and then play an anti-tumor role. In addition, the application of polysaccharides as adjuvants for DC vaccines, in combination with adoptive immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as well as their co-assembly with nanoparticles (NPs) into nano drug delivery systems is also introduced. These results reveal the biological effects of polysaccharides, provide a new perspective for the anti-tumor immunopharmacological research of natural polysaccharides, and provide helpful information for guiding polysaccharides as complementary medicines in cancer immunotherapy.