单原子催化剂(SAC)在各种化学过程中表现出色,包括电催化和工业化学,由于他们的效率。与化学合成的前体相反,生物质为SAC的制造提供了一种更绿色、更具成本效益的方法。迄今为止,使用淀粉等天然来源合成了40多种SAC,纤维素,木质素,半纤维素,蛋白质,还有甲壳素.这些催化剂包含金属如Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,和Pt。这篇综述集中在从生物质制备SACs,探索创新技术及其在能源转换和环境保护中的广泛应用,包括但不限于涉及氧还原的反应,氧气释放,和氢气释放。它还讨论了该领域当前的挑战和未来的进步。本文更新和扩展了生物质衍生的SAC的知识,旨在促进更有效的发展,从天然来源的低成本催化剂材料。
Single atom catalysts (SACs) excel in various chemical processes, including electrocatalysis and industrial chemistry, due to their efficiency. In contrast to chemically synthesized precursors, biomass offers a greener and more cost-effective approach for SACs fabrication. To date, over forty types of SACs have been synthesized using natural sources like starch, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, proteins, and chitin. These catalysts incorporate metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pt. This review concentrates on the preparation of SACs from biomass, exploring innovative techniques and their extensive applications in energy conversion and environmental conservation, including but not limited to reactions involving oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution. It also discusses current challenges and prospective advancements in this domain. This paper updates and expands on the knowledge of SACs derived from biomass, aiming to foster the development of more effective, low-cost catalyst materials from natural sources.