目标:最近更新的地理变化,趋势,美国青少年肥胖患病率的社会人口统计学差异有限。这项研究旨在填补这些研究空白。
方法:美国国家代表性研究的连续横断面分析。
方法:使用来自全国儿童健康调查(2016年,2017年,2018年,2019年,2020年和2021年)六个周期的数据以及国家和州层面的身体健康信息。共有107,274名10-17岁的青少年被纳入社会人口统计数据(年龄,性别,种族/民族,父母的教育水平,和家庭收入)和居住状态。Logistic回归模型用于估计社会人口统计学群体与肥胖相关的比值比(OR)。此外,计算OR是为了比较大流行期(2020-2021年)和大流行前(2018-2019年)总体和社会人口统计学亚组之间的肥胖率。使用调查分析程序来解释复杂的调查设计,以得出代表性的估计。
结果:从2016年到2021年,肥胖患病率从16.1%增加(95%置信区间[CI],14.9%-17.4%)至17.6%(95%CI,16.4%-18.9%)(P趋势=0.04)。肥胖的综合患病率因州而异,对于10-13岁的青少年,从9.34%(95%CI,6.96%-12.4%;科罗拉多州)到27.1%(95%CI,23.1%-31.5%;密西西比州);对于14-17岁的青少年,从9.86%(95%CI,7.63%-12.7%;犹他州)到22.4%(95%CI,19.0%-26.1%;西弗吉尼亚州)。除了男性和具有大学或以上学位的父母以外,肥胖的患病率在整个社会人口统计学亚组中显示出稳定的趋势.与大流行前相比,男性青少年肥胖的多变量校正OR为1.18(95%CI,1.06-1.32),非西班牙裔白人青少年的1.16(95%CI,1.04-1.28),非西班牙裔亚洲青少年为1.81(95%CI,1.15-2.84),1.26(95%CI,1.05-1.52)对于父母受过高中教育的青少年,和1.15(95%CI,1.0-1.33)对于父母具有大学学历或更高的青少年。
结论:2016年至2021年期间,美国青少年肥胖患病率显著增加。在南部各州,肥胖症的患病率相对较高。那些家庭收入低的人,低父母教育,或非西班牙裔黑人或西班牙裔也更有可能肥胖。与大流行前相比,在大流行期间,几组青少年患肥胖症的可能性增加.
OBJECTIVE: Recent updates of geographic variations, trends, and sociodemographic disparities in obesity prevalence among US adolescents are limited. The study aimed to fill those research gaps.
METHODS: Serial cross-sectional analysis of the US nationally representative study.
METHODS: Data from six cycles of the National Survey of Children\'s Health (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021) with information on physical health at the national and state level were used. A total of 107,274 adolescents aged 10-17 years old were included with sociodemographic data (age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, and family income) and state of residence. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) associated with obesity across sociodemographic groups. In addition, ORs were calculated to compare obesity rates between the pandemic period (2020-2021) and the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019) overall and by sociodemographic subgroups. Survey analysis procedures were used to account for complex survey designs to derive representative estimates.
RESULTS: From 2016 to 2021, obesity prevalence increased from 16.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9%-17.4%) to 17.6% (95% CI, 16.4%-18.9%) (P-trend = 0.04). The combined prevalence of obesity varies substantially by state, from 9.34% (95% CI, 6.96%-12.4%; Colorado) to 27.1% (95% CI, 23.1%-31.5%; Mississippi) for adolescents aged 10-13 years and ranged from 9.86% (95% CI, 7.63%-12.7%; Utah) to 22.4% (95% CI, 19.0%-26.1%; West Virginia) for adolescents aged 14-17 years. Except for subgroups male gender and parents with college degrees or above, the prevalence of obesity showed stable trends across sociodemographic subgroups. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the multivariable-adjusted ORs of obesity were 1.18 (95% CI, 1.06-1.32) for male adolescents, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.04-1.28) for non-Hispanic White adolescents, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.15-2.84) for non-Hispanic Asian adolescents, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.52) for adolescents whose parents had a high school education, and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.0-1.33) for adolescents whose parents had a college degree or higher.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity among US adolescents increased significantly between 2016 and 2021. The prevalence of obesity was relatively high in southern states. Those with low household income, low parental education, or being non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic were also more likely to be obese. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, several groups of adolescents increased their likelihood of obesity during the pandemic period.