■约旦面临各种营养不良挑战,包括营养不良,微量营养素缺乏,超重,肥胖,与饮食有关的非传染性疾病。这个国家已经从营养不良问题转变为超重和肥胖率上升,同时还在处理微量营养素缺乏。2010年的全国调查显示,学龄前儿童中铁和维生素D缺乏的比例很高,大约20%的人缺乏维生素A。2019年约旦国家微量营养素和营养调查(JNMNS)的目标包括评估婴幼儿的喂养方式,确定食用富含微量营养素的食物的频率,评估贫血的原因,评估特定亚组的健康状况,并将调查结果与2010年的调查结果进行比较。
■JNMNS2019是一项跨四个阶层的全面的全国横断面调查。在每个地层中,根据2015年约旦人口普查,根据其大小按比例选择了40个主要采样单位。随后,统计局在每个PSU进行了家庭列表。假设家庭和目标群体的反应率分别为,包括采访,人体测量,和标本收集。这项调查旨在收集2,210户家庭的数据,包括对1,232名学龄前儿童的访谈和人体测量,从其中992份血液样本中获得。
■结果显示没有严重的贫血病例,但11%的12-59个月的学龄前儿童贫血。缺铁影响22.4%,5%患有缺铁性贫血。维生素D缺乏在2019年增加到22.9%。发育迟缓率和消瘦率略有改善,分别为6.3%和0.1%,分别。超重和肥胖率稳定在6.2%和2.1%。贫血减少了5-6%,但缺铁率上升了7%。维生素A缺乏减少,但缺铁性贫血基本没有变化。营养不良是罕见的,但是维生素D缺乏影响了27.7%的学龄前儿童,影响生长和免疫力。缺铁,影响了25%的儿童,对认知发展构成风险。超重或肥胖影响了9%的儿童,根据世界卫生组织的一个中等公共卫生问题。虽然营养不良率很低,持续存在的维生素D缺乏问题,缺铁,和儿童肥胖需要集中注意力。
■该研究强调了约旦学龄前儿童持续的营养挑战。尽管严重贫血很少见,11%贫血,22.4%的人缺铁,其中5%患有缺铁性贫血。维生素D缺乏影响22.9%,影响生长和免疫力。虽然发育迟缓和消瘦有所改善,儿童超重和肥胖率保持稳定.贫血减少,但缺铁率上升了7%。尽管维生素A缺乏减少,稳定的缺铁性贫血率表明持续的担忧。总的来说,营养不良并不常见,但是维生素D和铁缺乏,伴随着儿童肥胖,需要持续关注和有针对性的干预措施,以改善约旦儿童的健康状况。
UNASSIGNED: Jordan faces various malnutrition challenges, including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases. The country has shifted from issues of undernutrition to rising rates of overweight and obesity, while still dealing with micronutrient deficiencies. The 2010 national survey revealed high rates of iron and vitamin D deficiencies among preschool children, with about 20% experiencing vitamin A deficiencies. The goals of the 2019 Jordan National Micronutrient & Nutrition Survey (JNMNS) include assessing feeding practices of infants and young children, determining the frequency of consuming micronutrient-rich foods, evaluating causes of anemia, assessing the health status of specific subgroups, and comparing findings to the 2010 survey.
UNASSIGNED: JNMNS 2019 was a comprehensive national cross-sectional survey structured across four strata. Within each stratum, 40 primary sampling units were chosen in proportion to their size based on the 2015 Jordan census. Subsequently, the Department of Statistics conducted household listings in each PSU. Separate response rates were assumed for households and target groups, encompassing interviews, anthropometric measurements, and specimen collection. The survey aimed to collect data from 2,210 households, including interviews and anthropometry for 1,232 preschool children, with blood samples obtained from 992 of them.
UNASSIGNED: The findings revealed no severe anemia cases, but 11% of preschoolers aged 12-59 months were anemic. Iron deficiency affected 22.4%, with 5% having iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin D deficiency increased to 22.9% in 2019. Stunting and wasting rates improved slightly to 6.3 and 0.1%, respectively. Overweight and obesity rates remained stable at 6.2 and 2.1%. Anemia decreased by 5-6%, but iron deficiency rose by 7%. Vitamin A deficiency decreased, but iron deficiency anemia remained largely unchanged. Undernutrition was rare, but vitamin D deficiency affected 27.7% of preschoolers, impacting growth and immunity. Iron deficiency, affecting 25% of children, poses a risk to cognitive development. Overweight or obesity affected 9% of children, a medium public health issue according to the WHO. While malnutrition rates are low, the persistent issues of vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency, and childhood obesity require focused attention.
UNASSIGNED: The study highlights ongoing nutritional challenges among Jordanian preschoolers. Although severe anemia was rare, 11% were anemic, and 22.4% had iron deficiency, including 5% with iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin D deficiency affected 22.9%, impacting growth and immunity. While stunting and wasting improved, childhood overweight and obesity rates remained steady. Anemia decreased, but iron deficiency rose by 7%. Despite reduced vitamin A deficiency, stable iron deficiency anemia rates indicate ongoing concerns. Overall, undernutrition is uncommon, but vitamin D and iron deficiencies, along with childhood obesity, need sustained attention and targeted interventions to improve children\'s health in Jordan.