The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in nasolabial soft tissues following Le Fort I osteotomies, focusing on the impact of maxillary vertical repositioning. This retrospective study included 39 patients with a history of Le Fort 1 osteotomy between 2013 and 2021. Patients were grouped based on their maxillary movement into three categories: pure advancement (group A), advancement with impaction (group B), and advancement with downward repositioning (group C). Preoperative and postoperative CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) data were analyzed to measure the changes in nasolabial soft tissues. The current study utilized Mimics Suite 20.0 for measuring linear and angular variables. The evaluated variables included intercanthal distance, nasal dorsal length, tip protrusion, mouth width, alar width, upper lip height, nostril dimensions, and angles of nasolabial, alar base, and upper lip. Among them intercanthal distance, nasal dorsal length, or tip protrusion showed no statistical difference (p > 0,05). Mouth width, alar width, alar base angle were increased and upper lip angle was decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Changes in upper lip height and nasolabial angle differed among the groups of the study. While upper lip height increased significantly in groups A and C (p < 0.05), there was a slight decrease in Group B with no significance (p > 0.05). Nasolabial angle decrased significantly on Groups A and B (p < 0.05). The results of this study revealed changes in several soft tissue parameters, some of which occurred regardless of vertical repositioning of the maxilla. Within the limitations of the study, maxillary advancement surgery can affect the aesthetics of the nasolabial region and cause specific changes in related soft tissues. Understanding these changes is essential to establish realistic patient expectations and achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Objectives: In the present study, we compared patient satisfaction with classical tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique and triple cartilage combining suture (TCCS; flexible tongue-in-groove) techniques applied to the nasal tip in rhinoplasty. Methods: In this retrospective study, 80 patients who underwent rhinoplasty operations with TIG or TCCS techniques applied to the tip region were included. There were 40 patients in both groups. All patients in groups 1 and 2 were evaluated by the criteria written below at preoperative, postoperative first month, and postoperative first year: (1) Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation Questionnaire (ROE), (2) tip projection (cm), (3) nasal dorsum length (cm), (4) tip projection ratio (Goode), (5) nasofrontal angle, and (6) nasolabial angle. Results: The patients were followed up at 84.32 ± 19.38 months in the TIG group and 87.47 ± 18.01 months in the TCCS group. Our results showed that preoperative, postoperative first-month, and first-year tip projection (P = .013, P = .022, and P = .020, respectively), and nasal dorsum length values (P = .009, P = .020, and P = .020, respectively) of the TCCS group were significantly lower than those in the TIG group. There was a positive correlation between the postoperative first month and postoperative first year ROE scores. Lower preoperative tip projection ratio (Goode) values and higher nasolabial angle values were related to higher ROE scores showing patient satisfaction. Conclusion: For the patient satisfaction after tip rhinoplasty, lower projection ratio (Goode) and higher nasolabial angle values were related to ROE scores. Although there are no significant results, lower tip projection results in the TCCS group may be related to more patient satisfaction due to natural appearance.

UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the influence of variations in the upper sulcus depth, nasal tip protrusion, and nasolabial angle on the esthetic perception of profiles.
UNASSIGNED: A web-based survey study and was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. This survey was conducted for a period of 10 months and included orthodontists practicing in India.
UNASSIGNED: This study included lateral cephalograms of the most esthetic profiles from a set of 30 profiles that were within Holdaways norms; the most esthetic profile was determined by a panel of two orthodontists and two general dentists. The most esthetic profile photograph will be transferred to a computer in Corel software. The outline of the profile will remain the same, with the inner aspect converted into a dark area (black); now, the profile is completely converted into facial silhouettes. This black facial silhouette is presented to avoid any distractions and bias. There will be a total of 27 silhouettes by various combinations of increased, decreased, and normal values for nasolabial angle, upper sulcus depth, and nasal tip protrusions.
UNASSIGNED: Both the orthodontist and layman chose the most favored profile as a normal profile having a normal nasal tip, normal nasolabial angle, and normal upper sulcus depth, whereas among dentists, 50% chose the most favored profile in which the nasolabial angle was normal but the nasal tip and upper labial sulcus were decreased. When it comes to the least favored profiles, opinions varied between orthodontists, dentists, and laymen.
UNASSIGNED: The perception of facial esthetics has always been and still is varied between the layman, the dentist, and the orthodontists. Profiles with normal to sharp noses with normal and increased nasolabial angles were considered more attractive than the others. Profiles with fuller upper labial sulci were considered least attractive with other parameters changing.

In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of functional treatment with both removable and fixed appliances to normalize the external soft tissue for skeletal class II adolescent individuals. We performed a broad electronic search to retrieve relevant studies from nine databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that investigated soft tissue changes following functional treatment and evaluated the changes using 2D lateral cephalometric radiographs and 3D-optical surface laser scanning. A total of three RCTs and eight CCTs were included. Ages ranged from 11 to 16 years with the fixed functional appliances, and from eight to 12 years with the removable ones, including 689 skeletal class II patients. Version 2 of Cochran\'s risk-of-bias (RoB2), and the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBIN-I) were used to assess the risk of bias for the included papers. Of the 11 eligible studies, three studies were included in the meta-analysis to assess the upper and lower lip position in relation to the E-line (Ricketts\'s aesthetic line) in addition to the nasolabial angle. The meta-analysis showed that the upper lip retracted after functional treatment with Twin-block in relation to E-line (mean difference (MD) = -1.93; 95% CI: -2.37, -1.50; p < 0.00001; χ² = 5.43; p = 0.07; I2 = 63%), while the lower lip position did not change after functional treatment with Twin-block in relation to E-line (MD = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.56, 0.61; p = 0.92; χ² = 1.74; p = 0.42; I2 = 0%). The nasolabial angle increased after Twin-block treatment (MD = 5.75; 95% CI: 4.57, 6.93; p < 0.00001; χ² = 6.77; p = 0.03; I2 = 70%). The mentolabial angle and Z-angle also increased after functional therapy, where the facial convexity angle decreased, regardless of the functional devices used. On the other hand, using the 3D-optical surface laser scanning showed that the upper lip length and the commissural width did not change following therapy, but the lower lip increased in length, as well as the total face height. More high-quality RCTs are required to obtain accurate evidence in this field.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of changes in upper incisor inclination and position on the alteration of the nasolabial angle (NLA) in a series of cases involving the extraction of four first premolars.
METHODS: The study included 41 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions. The patients were divided into two groups based on their pretreatment NLA values: Group 1 (NLA ≤ 100°) and Group 2 (NLA > 100°). Measurements of NLA, U1.NA and U1-NA were obtained before and after treatment and U1-Ls pretreatment measure was registered. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences in NLA, U1.NA and U1-NA between the two groups and to evaluate the influence of these variables added to U1-Ls (T1) on NLA changes.
RESULTS: The results showed that Group 1 exhibited significant changes in NLA, while Group 2 did not. However, both groups showed significant changes in U1.NA and U1-NA. In Group 1, 80% of the individuals presented an increase in NLA and 20% no changes. In Group 2, 10% presented a decrease, 57% no changes and 33% an increase in NLA values. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the group factor had a statistically significant influence on NLA variation. Additionally, in Group 2, a negative correlation was observed between changes in U1.NA and NLA.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that individuals with higher pretreatment NLA values tend to maintain their NLA values even after the correction of upper incisor inclination.

It has become more common for adult patients to seek conflicting orthodontic results, such as the reduction of the buccal corridors by arch form expansion and achieving esthetic-line (E-line) harmony by moving the anterior teeth backward using the extraction space. Therefore, the author devised and implemented the novel \"3D-Ortho\" concept to achieve the abovementioned conflicting results and solve the requirement of facial beauty. The patient was a 23-year-old female with mouth protrusion. The author used the 3D-Ortho concept to provide orthodontic treatment. A maxillary skeletal expander appliance and the extraction of the maxillary first premolar were performed, and a multi-bracket device was placed on the buccal aspect to decrease Mx1 to point A-pogonion line (APo) by full class II molar relationship finishing. Postoperatively, the nasolabial angle was increased from 83.4° to 93.1°, the E-line to upper lip distance decreased from 2.6 mm to -1.1 mm, the Mx1 to Apo distance decreased from 13.6 mm to 7.5 mm, the distance between the mesial buccal cusp of the mandibular first molars increased from 41.2 mm to 45.2 mm, the inclination of the mandibular first molar incisor changed from 21° to 11° on the right side and from 21° to 9° on the left side, and the improvement of the buccal corridors was observed; thus, significant improvement was observed in these parameters. Therefore, the novel orthodontic treatment method showed good results in solving problems unique to Asians, incorporating occlusal stability and facial beauty harmony.

Nasolabial angle is commonly used to assess the soft tissue profile of the subnasal region. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between the nasolabial angle, the inclination of the lower border of the nose and upper lip, upper incisor inclination and upper lip thickness. A sample of 142 female adolescents aged 13-18 years was chosen. A modified cephalometric analysis was performed with the nasolabial angle, and its components were traced according to Fitzgerald\'s method. All analysed parameters showed a statistically significant correlation with the nasolabial angle (NLA). The highest correlation was found for the labial (L/FH) and nasal (N/FH) components of the nasolabial angle, respectively. Upper incisor inclinations (1+:SN, U1FA) and upper lip thickness (ULT) had a stronger correlation with L/FH than NLA, but no correlation was found between these parameters and N/FH. Upper lip thickness did not influence the relationship between incisor inclination and NLA or L/FH. The position of the upper incisors and upper lip thickness influence the nasolabial angle indirectly through its labial component (L/FH). Therefore, it seems purposeful to assess the nasolabial angle as a sum of two independent angles, of which only one (L/FH) can be influenced by orthodontic treatment.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between nasolabial angle (NLA) with maxillary incisor proclination (U1-NA) and upper lip thickness (ULT).
UNASSIGNED: Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 patients were taken, and NLA, U1-NA, and basic ULT measurements were obtained for each patient. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all the variables involved in the study. The correlation was found using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) test. p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.
UNASSIGNED: The mean values of NLA, upper incisor proclination, and ULT were found to be 91.38° ± 7.10°, 34.21° + 5.17°, and 15.38 ± 1.76 mm, respectively. r (r = -0.583) was found between NLA and upper incisor proclination and (r = -0.040) for NLA and ULT.
UNASSIGNED: There is a statistically significant relationship between NLA and U1-NA.
UNASSIGNED: Garg H, Khundrakpam D, Saini V, et al. Relationship of Nasolabial Angle with Maxillary Incisor Proclination and Upper Lip Thickness in North Indian Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):489-492.

Background Smiling is one of the effective ways for people to express their feelings. It is an integral part of the diagnosis and planning and a key point of the treatment objectives in orthodontic care. Many factors are associated with a pleasant smile, such as correct anatomy, gingival health, and teeth proportion. Therefore, different malocclusion classes can affect the characteristics of smile esthetics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of skeletal class II malocclusion on the characteristics and dynamics of the smile in the sagittal and frontal planes. Methodology The study sample included 60 patients comprising three groups of malocclusion classes, namely, Class I, Class II division 1, and Class II division 2. A video recording was taken for 5-10 seconds for each patient using a specific camera mounted at a fixed distance from the imaged face. Two facial expressions were captured for each patient, one representing the lips at rest and the second representing the unrestricted natural smile. The facial still images were derived from the streaming video recording, and two images were chosen for each plane (the frontal plane and the sagittal plane) for each patient. In total, 12 variables were assessed on these captured images. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect significant differences between the three groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in some of the measured variables. The mean values of thickness of the upper lip, commissure height, gum width, maxillary incisor display, and interlabial gap were greater in the Class II division 1 group than in the other two groups. The proclined incisors were evident in the Class II division 1 group, while the retroclined incisors were evident in the Class II division 2 group. Conclusions The skeletal Class II malocclusion influences the characteristics of the smile, either assessed on the anterior or lateral imaging angles, in addition to its influence on the resting position of the lips. Orthodontists should always analyze patients\' facial expressions, including those related to the upper and lower lips at rest and when patients smile naturally. Depending on the results of this analysis, treatment planning could be built to improve the characteristics of the natural smile in patients with Class I and Class II malocclusions.

The study aimed to compare the volume enhancement and the lifting capacity of two different hyaluronic acid gels for lip injection. Thirty-six Korean female patients were randomized into two groups according to the cross-linking degree of the hyaluronic acid filler injected. Using a fixed injection protocol, patients were injected with 1 mL of hyaluronic acid filler in the lips and followed up at four and 12 weeks after injection. Lip volume, lip projection, and columella-labial angle were measured using a 3-dimensional imaging system at each time point. Follow-up values were compared with baseline. Compared with pre-treatment values, there was a statistically significant increase in mean lip volume and lip projection at four and 12 weeks after injection, with no significant differences between the two groups. Lips injected with hyaluronic acid filler of intermediate cross-link density resulted in more acute angles than lips injected with lightly cross-linked hyaluronic acid. The difference was statistically significant at each follow-up time point. No serious complications were observed throughout the study period. Our results imply that in patients who want a prominent upper lip lift, lip injections using hyaluronic acid fillers with intermediate cross-linking density can be a good option due to their lift capacity. The degree of cross-linking may not be a significant determinant of simple lip volume augmentation when other variables are constant.