背景:印度正在经历快速的流行病学转变,从体重不足到超重/肥胖人群。肥胖是2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的主要危险因素,并且也被认为是神经系统疾病如阿尔茨海默病的一个因素。一个健壮的,泛印度对肥胖的估计还没有公布。
目的:这项研究估计了泛印度肥胖的患病率,按不可修改(年龄和性别)和可修改(教育和体育活动水平)因素进行分层,跨区域和城市/农村。
方法:分析了来自全国随机整群抽样调查(NiyantritaMadhumehaBharata2017,第一阶段)的1,00,531名成年人的数据。肥胖是用体重指数来确定的,交叉表格是跨区域计算的,年龄,性别,教育,身体活动,和面积。为了确定统计意义,使用t检验。使用二元逻辑回归计算各个因素类别中的肥胖几率。
结果:印度肥胖患病率为40.3%。区域变化如下:南部最高,为46.51%,东部最低,为32.96%。女性肥胖率高于男性(41.88%vs.38.67%),城市比农村(44.17%与36.08%),40岁以上比40岁以下(45.81%与34.58%)。更多的教育意味着更高的肥胖(44.6%的大学与38%没有受过教育),同样降低了体力活动(43.71%的非活动与32.56%大力活跃)。体力活动的赔率比为3.83,强于年龄(1.58),教育(1.4),城市(1.3),性别(1.2)。
结论:印度的肥胖水平非常高,跨越所有区域。肥胖的几率随着年龄的增长而增加,在妇女和城市居民中更高。在受过大学教育和久坐不动的城市老年男性和女性中,肥胖是最高的。身体活动和衰老是肥胖的最强决定因素。鉴于2型糖尿病的肥胖成本很高,心血管疾病,和老年痴呆症,紧急公共卫生措施是必要的,以减少其影响。
BACKGROUND: India is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition, from underweight to overweight/obese population. Obesity is a major risk factor in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and is also implicated as a factor in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer\'s disease. A robust, pan-Indian estimate of obesity is not yet available.
OBJECTIVE: This study estimates the pan-Indian prevalence of obesity, stratified across nonmodifiable (age and gender) and modifiable (education and physical activity levels) factors, and across zones and urban/rural.
METHODS: Data for 1,00,531 adults from a nationwide randomized cluster sample survey (Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata 2017, phase 1) were analyzed. Obesity was determined using body mass index, and cross-tabulations were calculated across zones, age, gender, education, physical activity, and area. To determine statistical significance, t-tests were used. The odds of obesity within each category of the various factors were calculated using binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: Prevalence of obesity in India is 40.3%. Zonal variations were seen as follows: south highest at 46.51% and east lowest at 32.96%. Obesity was higher among women than men (41.88% vs. 38.67%), urban than rural (44.17% vs. 36.08%), and over 40 than under 40 (45.81% vs. 34.58%). More education implied a higher obesity (44.6% college vs. 38% uneducated), as did lowered physical activity (43.71% inactive vs. 32.56% vigorously active). The odds ratio for physical activity was 3.83, stronger than age (1.58), education (1.4), urban (1.3), and gender (1.2).
CONCLUSIONS: Obesity levels in India are very high, across all zones. The odds of being obese increases with age, and is higher among women and among urban dwellers. Obesity is the highest among aging urban men and women who are college educated and are sedentary. Physical activity and aging are the strongest determinants of obesity. Given the high cost of obesity in terms of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer\'s disease, urgent public health measures are necessary to reduce its impact.