目的:作为下腰痛的主要原因之一,椎间盘退变(IDD)给人类带来了巨大的问题。越来越多的证据表明NLRP3炎性体介导的NP细胞的焦亡在IDD的进展中显示出重要的作用。麦芽酚(MA)是从红参中提取的调味剂。由于其抗炎和抗氧化作用,MA已被研究人员广泛考虑。因此,我们假设MA可能通过调节NP细胞及其周围微环境而成为潜在的IVD保护剂。
方法:体外,qRT-PCR,用Westernblot方法研究MA对合成代谢蛋白(ADAMTS5、MMP3、MMP9)的转录和蛋白表达的影响,和促炎因子(iNOS-COX-2)。接下来,通过Westernblot和免疫荧光分析MA对PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路和焦亡通路的影响。分子对接用于研究PI3K与MA之间的关系。此外,ELISA法检测MA对炎性因子(TNF-α,PGE2,IL-1β,和IL-18)。在体内,通过HE和SO染色研究了MA对IDD小鼠椎体结构的影响,并通过免疫组织化学染色研究了MA对IDD小鼠ECM和PI3K/AKT/NF-κB以及焦亡途径的影响。
结果:MA可在体内和体外改善椎间盘退变。具体来说,分子对接结果显示,MA与PI3K的结合程度显著。第二,体外研究表明,MA通过抑制PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路和NLRP3炎性体介导的焦亡,抑制ECM降解和炎症反应,增加了合成代谢蛋白的表达,降低了分解代谢蛋白的表达,并减少炎症介质如IL-18和IL-1β的分泌。此外,根据小鼠腰椎不稳定模型的研究结果,MA还改善了椎间盘的组织紊乱和退化,减少蛋白聚糖和糖胺聚糖的损失,抑制椎间盘炎症,表明MA对小鼠椎间盘有保护作用。
结论:我们的结果表明,MA通过PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路和NLRP3炎性体介导的焦亡减缓了IDD的发展,表明MA似乎是IDD治疗的可行药物。
OBJECTIVE: As one of the major causes of low back pain, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has caused a huge problem for humans. Increasing evidence indicates that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of NP cells displays an important role in the progression of IDD. Maltol (MA) is a flavoring agent extracted from red ginseng. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, MA has been widely considered by researchers. Therefore, we hypothesized that MA may be a potential IVD protective agent by regulating NP cells and their surrounding microenvironment.
METHODS: In vitro, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were used to explore the effect of MA on the transcription and protein expression of the anabolic protein (ADAMTS5, MMP3, MMP9) catabolic protein (Aggrecan), and pro-inflammatory factor (iNOS COX-2). Next, the effects of MA on PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and pyroptosis pathway were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Molecular docking was used to investigate the relationship between PI3K and MA. Moreover, ELISA was also used to detect the effects of MA on inflammatory factors (TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-18). In vivo, the effects of MA on the vertebral structure of IDD mice were studied by HE and SO staining and the effects of MA on ECM and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and pyroptosis pathway of IDD mice were studied by immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS: MA can ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, the molecular docking results showed that the binding degree of MA and PI3K was significant. Second, in vitro studies showed that MA inhibited the degradation of ECM and inflammatory response by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and the pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, which increased the expression of anabolic proteins, decreased the expression of catabolic proteins, and decreased the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as IL-18 and IL-1β. In addition, according to the study results of the mouse lumbar instability model, MA also improved the tissue disorder and degradation of the intervertebral disc, reduced the loss of proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan, and inhibited intervertebral disc inflammation, indicating that MA has a protective effect on the intervertebral disc to intervertebral disc in mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that MA slowed IDD development through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, indicating that MA appeared to be a viable medication for IDD treatment.