华北平原是中国三大平原之一,也是粮食的重要地区,棉花,和石油生产。在区域热液变化的影响下,地下水过度开采,和海水入侵,植被覆盖率正在不断变化。然而,对降水影响的综合评估,温度,NCP海洋沉积区植被上的地下水缺乏。黑龙江岗盆地(HB)位于NCP东部的低洼平原地区,这是NCP的一部分。在这项研究中,选择HB作为典型的感兴趣区域。我们收集了一系列数据,包括归一化植被指数(NDVI),降水,温度,地下水埋深,和2001年至2020年的总溶解固体(TDS)。然后分析了植被的时空变化,并探讨了植被变化的潜在驱动机制。结果表明,NDVI在2001年至2004年期间快速增长,随后在2004年至2020年期间稳定波动。在过去的二十年中,HB的植被取得了整体改善,76%的人有所改善,主要在中部和东部地区,24%在其他地区表现出恶化。从2001年到2020年,NDVI与降水呈正相关,而它与温度的关系在正负之间波动,并且没有统计学意义。NDVI与地下水埋深的协同变化存在一个阈值。当地下水埋深低于3.8m时,NDVI随地下水深度急剧增加。然而,超过这个门槛,NDVI趋于稳定和波动。在东部沿海地区,NDVI与地下水埋深呈强正相关,受地下水深度控制的表层土壤TDS的影响。在中部地区,观察到强烈的负相关,其中NDVI主要受地下水控制下的土壤水分影响。在西部和南部,存在很强的正相关,NDVI主要受地下水开采强度的影响。因此,降水和地下水是HB植被时空变化的主要驱动力,而相比之下,温度的影响是不确定的。本研究阐明了植被响应的机制,为减轻影响植被生长的不利因素和制定NCP合理的用水法规提供理论依据。
The North China Plain (
NCP) is one of the three great plains in China and also serves as a vital region for grain, cotton, and oil production. Under the influence of regional hydrothermal changes, groundwater overexploitation, and seawater intrusion, the vegetation coverage is undergoing continuous alterations. However, a comprehensive assessment of impacts of precipitation, temperature, and groundwater on vegetation in marine sedimentary regions of the
NCP is lacking. Heilonggang Basin (HB) is located in the low-lying plain area in the east of
NCP, which is part of the
NCP. In this study, the HB was chosen as a typical area of interest. We collected a series of data, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), precipitation, temperature, groundwater depth, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 2001 to 2020. Then the spatiotemporal variation in vegetation was analyzed, and the underlying driving mechanisms of vegetation variation were explored in this paper. The results show that NDVI experiences a rapid increase from 2001 to 2004, followed by stable fluctuations from 2004 to 2020. The vegetation in the HB has achieved an overall improvement in the past two decades, with 76% showing improvement, mainly in the central and eastern areas, and 24% exhibiting deterioration in other areas. From 2001 to 2020, NDVI correlates positively with precipitation, whereas its relationship with temperature fluctuates between positive and negative, and is not statistically significant. There is a threshold for the synergistic change of NDVI and groundwater depth. When the groundwater depth is lower than 3.8 m, NDVI increases sharply with groundwater depth. However, beyond this threshold, NDVI tends to stabilize and fluctuate. In the eastern coastal areas, NDVI exhibits a strong positive correlation with groundwater depth, influenced by the surface soil TDS controlled by groundwater depth. In the central regions, a strong negative correlation is observed, where NDVI is primarily impacted by soil moisture under the control of groundwater. In the west and south, a strong positive correlation exists, with NDVI primarily influenced by the intensity of groundwater exploitation. Thus, precipitation and groundwater are the primary driving forces behind the spatiotemporal variability of vegetation in the HB, while in contrast, the influence of temperature is uncertain. This study has elucidated the mechanism of vegetation response, providing a theoretical basis for mitigating adverse factors affecting vegetation growth and formulating rational water usage regulations in the
NCP.