寄生虫和血寄生虫的经胎盘传播对于了解疾病的流行病学至关重要。这项研究旨在评估不同妊娠期牛胎儿中血液病原体的患病率。样本是从米纳斯吉拉斯州的一家屠宰场获得的,巴西,共收集了236名胎儿。从血液样本(145)和器官样本(大脑和脾脏池)(236)中提取的DNA进行了巢式PCR(nPCR)测定,以检测巴贝虫属。,Theileriaspp.,间日锥虫,边缘无性体,牛支原体,吞噬体,埃里希菌,和嗜血支原体属。此外,使用间接荧光抗体测试-IFAT对145份血浆样品进行血清学分析,以检测针对牛巴贝斯虫的IgG,babesiabigemina,A.边际,和间日日锥虫.经胎盘传播的观察患病率为19.3%,6.2%,42.7%和2.7%,对于A.marginale,B.bigemina,\'CandidatusM.haemobos\',和温尼氏支原体,分别。按妊娠中期划分的边际弧菌的患病率在妊娠中期为16%(13/81),在妊娠中期为23%(14/60),孕早期没有阳性样本.关于B.bovis和B.bigemina,所有被评估的动物通过nPCR检测为阴性,IFAT没有发现B.bovis的血清学证据。Babesiabigemina显示总体血清阳性率为6.2%(9/145),在妊娠后期为4.8%(7/145),在妊娠中期为1.3%(2/145)。总的来说,42.7%(62/145)的血液样本为“念珠菌血球分枝杆菌”阳性,42%(34/81)在中期妊娠,和43%(26/60)在妊娠的最后三个月。在2.7%(4/145)的血液样本中检测到支原体wenyonni,全部与\'C合并感染M.海莫伯斯\'。妊娠早期的患病率为25%(1/4);妊娠中期为1.2%(1/81),妊娠中期为3.3%(2/60)。在胎儿血液样品中检测到血液病原体DNA,但在脑或脾样品中未检测到。所有样本均为间日疟原虫阴性,Theileriaspp.,支原体属。和埃里希亚。总的来说,在这项研究中,大约70%的胎儿对所研究的一种或多种寄生虫呈阳性.在病原体对之间没有观察到显着的关联,除了C.M.血吸虫和A.marginale。
The transplacental transmission of parasites and hemoparasites is crucial for understanding the epidemiology of diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hemopathogens in bovine fetuses at various gestational periods. Samples were obtained from a slaughterhouse in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and a total of 236 fetuses were collected. DNA extracted from blood samples (145) and organ samples (a pool of brain and spleen) (236) underwent a nested PCR (nPCR) assay to detect Babesia spp., Theileria spp., Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia minasensis, and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. Additionally, serological analysis of 145 plasma samples was conducted using the indirect fluorescent antibody test-IFAT to detect IgG against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, A. marginale, and Trypanosoma vivax. The observed prevalence of transplacental transmission was 19.3 %, 6.2 %, 42.7 % and 2.7 %, for A. marginale, B. bigemina, \'Candidatus M. haemobos\', and Mycoplasma wenyonii, respectively. The prevalence of A. marginale by gestational trimester was 16 % (13/81) in the second trimester and 23 % (14/60) in the third trimester, with no positive samples in the first trimester. Regarding the species B. bovis and B. bigemina, all evaluated animals tested negative by nPCR, and no serological evidence for B. bovis was found by the IFAT. Babesia bigemina demonstrated an overall seroprevalence of 6.2 % (9/145), with 4.8 % (7/145) in the last trimester and 1.3 % (2/145) in the second trimester of pregnancy. In total, 42.7 % (62/145) of blood samples were positive for \'Candidatus M. haemobos\', with 42 % (34/81) in the middle trimester, and 43 % (26/60) in the final trimester of pregnancy. Mycoplasma wenyonni was detected in 2.7 % (4/145) blood samples, all in coinfection with \'C. M. haemobos\'. The prevalence by pregnancy trimester was 25 % (1/4) in the first trimester; 1.2 % (1/81) in the second trimester and 3.3 % (2/60) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hemopathogen DNA was detected in fetus blood samples but not the brain or spleen samples. All the samples were negative for T. vivax, Theileria spp., Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. Overall, in this study, approximately 70 % of fetuses were positive for one or more of the studied parasites. No significant associations were observed between pairs of pathogens, except \'C. M. haemobos\' and A. marginale.