背景:COVID-19大流行导致远程教育(DE)的广泛接受,大学教授和学生在家远程进行教学过程。这项研究的建议是调查COVID-19大流行之前和期间肌肉骨骼疾病(MSD)的患病率,并确定与DE相关的危险因素,这些危险因素可能导致大学教授中这些疾病的发病率增加。
方法:这项横断面分析研究采用了比较方法,涉及伊朗的310名大学教授。数据是使用在线问卷收集的。最初,教授的人口和职业信息,数小时的体力活动,记录使用电子设备的时间。然后要求参与者报告过去一年和过去七天中各个身体区域的MSD。最后,MSD风险因素,如计算机期间的工作站人体工程学,笔记本电脑,智能手机,和平板电脑的使用,以及在COVID-19大流行期间在线教学或离线内容开发期间的工作姿势,进行了检查。
结果:大多数参与者是男性(66.13%),拥有博士学位(46.77%)和教职员工职位(74.2%)。平均而言,电脑和笔记本电脑的使用增加了2.67小时和2.72小时,分别,在大流行期间与大流行前相比。这种增加具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在COVID大流行之前和期间,颈部区域的MSD发病率显着增加,肩膀,下背部和上背部,武器,前臂,手腕和手指(P<0.05)。MSD的最高累积发生率(Cin)与颈部有关(Cin=24.20%),上背部(Cin=21.29%),下背部(Cin=18.06%)和手指(Cin=16.13%)。COVID大流行期间MSD的患病率与就业状况显著相关(P=0.042),工作经验(P=0.016),年龄(P=0.027),电脑/笔记本电脑的使用增加(P<0.001),智能手机/平板电脑与身体的距离减少(P=0.047),工作站(智能手机-平板电脑,电脑,笔记本电脑)(P<0.05),头部位置(智能手机-平板电脑)(P=0.029),显示高度(电脑/笔记本电脑)(P=0.045)和体力活动(P=0.006)。
结论:智能手机的持续时间增加,电脑,和笔记本电脑的使用,再加上COVID-19大流行导致的隔离期间身体活动减少和工作站人体工程学条件的有害变化,导致了从动态任务到静态任务的转变,并且大学教授中MSD的患病率和发生率增加。
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the broad acceptance of distance education (DE), with university professors and students conducting the teaching-learning process remotely from their homes. The propose of this study to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify risk factors associated with DE that may contribute to an increased incidence of these disorders among university professors.
METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study took a comparative approach and involved 310 university professors in Iran. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire. Initially, demographic and occupational information of the professors, hours of physical activity, and hours spent using electronic devices were recorded. Participants were then asked to report MSDs in various body areas throughout the previous year and the previous seven days. Finally, MSDs risk factors such as workstation ergonomics during computer, laptop, smartphone, and tablet use, as well as working postures during online teaching or offline content development during the COVID-19 pandemic, were examined.
RESULTS: The majority of the participants were male (66.13%), with a PhD (46.77%) and a faculty member position (74.2%). On average, the use of computers and laptops increased by 2.67 h and 2.72 h, respectively, during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.001). MSDs incidence increased significantly before and during the COVID pandemic was observed in the areas of the neck, shoulders, lower and upper back, arms, forearms, wrists and fingers (P < 0.05). The highest cumulative incidence (Cin) of MSDs was related to the neck (Cin = 24.20%), upper back (Cin = 21.29%), low back (Cin = 18.06%) and fingers (Cin = 16.13%). The prevalence of MSDs during the COVID pandemic was significantly associated with employment status (P = 0.042), work experience (P = 0.016), age (P = 0.027), increase in the use of computers/ laptops (P < 0.001), decrease of the smartphone/tablet distance from the body (P = 0.047), workstation (smartphone-tablet, computer, laptop) (P < 0.05), head position (smartphone-tablet) (P = 0.029), display height (computer/laptop) (P = 0.045) and physical activity (P = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: It appears that the increased duration of smartphone, computer, and laptop use, combined with decreased physical activity and detrimental changes in ergonomic conditions of workstations during the quarantine period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in a shift from dynamic to static tasks and an increase in the prevalence and incidence of MSDs among university professors.