已知力竭运动会引起以炎症和氧化应激为特征的肌肉损伤。尽管“定期”和“周末战士”运动方案已被证明在人类研究中具有可比的健康益处,例如降低所有原因的风险,心血管疾病(CVD),和癌症死亡率,它们对力竭运动后肌肉损伤的不同影响尚不清楚.这项研究旨在比较长期的影响,中等强度(LTMI)和短期,高强度(STHI)训练模式,与总运动量相匹配,关于肠道微生物群,短链脂肪酸(SCFA),和力竭运动引起的小鼠肌肉损伤,以及评估这些因素之间的相关性。LTMI被认为是一种有规律的锻炼方案,虽然STHI与“周末战士”模式有一些相似之处,例如提高运动强度和将训练课程浓缩为短时间。我们的发现表明,LTMI训练显着增强了SCFA产生细菌的丰度,包括Akkermansia,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_组,Odoribacter,Alistipes,和乳酸菌,从而增加SCFA水平并减轻力竭游泳后的肌肉损伤。相比之下,STHI培训增加了机会性病原体的丰度,如葡萄球菌和嗜双菌,在不改变SCFA水平的情况下,并与加剧的肌肉损伤有关。此外,我们观察到力竭运动后小鼠肌肉中产生SCFA的细菌的丰度和SCFA水平与炎性细胞因子的表达之间存在显着负相关。相反,葡萄球菌和嗜双菌的丰度与这些细胞因子呈显著正相关。此外,LTMI和STHI对力竭运动引起的肌肉损伤的影响可通过粪便微生物群移植传播给未经训练的小鼠,这表明由这些训练方式引起的肠道微生物群变化可能有助于它们对肌肉损伤的对比影响。这些结果强调了在进行详尽的练习之前选择适当的训练方式的重要性,对运动训练和伤害预防有影响。
Exhaustive exercise is known to induce muscle damage characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Although \"regular\" and \"weekend warrior\" exercise regimens have been shown to confer comparable health benefits in human studies, such as reduced risks of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality, their differential impacts on muscle damage post-exhaustive exercise remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of long-term, moderate-intensity (LTMI) and short-term, high-intensity (STHI) training modalities, matched for total exercise volume, on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and exhaustive exercise-induced muscle damage in mice, as well as to evaluate the correlation between these factors. LTMI is considered a regular exercise regimen, while STHI shares some similarities with the \"weekend warrior\" pattern, such as promoting exercise intensity and condensing training sessions into a short period. Our findings indicate that LTMI training significantly enhanced the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Akkermansia, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Odoribacter, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus, thereby increasing SCFA levels and attenuating muscle damage following exhaustive swimming. In contrast, STHI training increased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus and Bilophila, without altering SCFA levels, and was associated with exacerbated muscle damage. Moreover, we observed a significant negative correlation between the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA levels with the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the muscle of mice post-exhaustive exercise. Conversely, the abundance of Staphylococcus and Bilophila showed a notable positive correlation with these cytokines. Additionally, the effects of LTMI and STHI on exhaustive exercise-induced muscle damage were transmissible to untrained mice via fecal microbiota transplantation, suggesting that gut microbiota changes induced by these training modalities may contribute to their contrasting impacts on muscle damage. These results underscore the significance of selecting an appropriate training modality prior to engaging in exhaustive exercise, with implications for athletic training and injury prevention.