Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade malignant lymphoproliferative disease, representing a low percentage of newly diagnosed lymphoma cases. Although its exact cause is still unclear, it is commonly associated with infections or autoimmune diseases. The stomach is the most frequent site for MALT lymphoma, with primary hepatic MALT lymphoma being exceptionally rare. Cases of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma often coincide with viral hepatitis. In this report, we present a case of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma in a patient with no history of hepatitis but complicated by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis.

The rising prevalence of obesity-related illnesses, such as metabolic steatotic liver disease (MASLD), represents a significant global public health concern. This disease affects approximately 30 % of the adult population and is the result of metabolic abnormalities rather than alcohol consumption. Additionally, MASLD is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic liver disease, and a variety of cancers, particularly gastrointestinal cancers. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a biological state characterized by the expansion of a population of blood cells derived from a single mutated hematopoietic stem cell. The presence of CH in the absence of a diagnosed blood disorder or cytopenia is known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which itself increases the risk of hematological malignancies and CVD. Steatotic liver disease may also complicate the clinical course of cancer patients receiving antineoplastic agents, a condition referred to as chemotherapy induced steatohepatitis (CASH). This review will present an outline of the various aspects of MASLD, including complications. Furthermore, it will summarize the existing knowledge on the emerging association between CHIP and MASLD and present the available data on patient cases with concurrent MASLD and hematological neoplasms. Finally, it will provide a brief overview of the chemotherapeutic drugs associated with CASH, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and their clinical implications.

Soft tissue mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare type of marginal zone lymphoma. Herein, we report a case of a 61-year-old patient who developed soft-tissue marginal zone lymphoma in the right arm. He was treated with rituximab-chlorambucil with good metabolic response and no evidence of disease recurrence after one year of follow-up.

This report describes a case of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (ENMZL) of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma that transformed to diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a 39-year-old female patient with Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis (HT). The patient presented with MALT lymphoma in the thyroid tissue and DLBCL in the multiple site invasions, including the ovary, breast, and lymph nodes. We assessed the Ig gene rearrangement and mutation profile in lymphoma involved tissues and the collected stem cells. V(D)J sequence of the tumor clonotype detected in thyroid, ovary, and breast was identical, revealing a shared origin of the malignant lymphoma. Noticeably, a small percentage of tumor clonotype (the highest-ranking clonotype in tumor tissues) was detected in the stem cell sample, suggesting the malignant cells was residual in the stem cells, likely conferred disease relapse following ASCT. This patient recieved BTK inhibitor combined with radiotherapy to eradicate the residual tumor cells based on the V(D)J sequence monitoring after ASCT. Now the patient remains in complete remission following 12 months of ASCT.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) commonly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but rarely occurs within the colon. Colonic EMZL is a rare diagnosis accounting for 2.5% of EMZL and less than 0.5% of colon cancers. We present a unique case of asymptomatic colonic EMZL diagnosed on a routine surveillance colonoscopy. The lymphoma was confined to a single colonic polyp presenting endoscopically as a sessile polypoid lesion at the recto-sigmoid junction. The patient was successfully treated with polypectomy with no recurrence of the disease.

BACKGROUND: We report a rare case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) in the thyroid mimicking painless subacute (De Quervain\'s) thyroiditis.
METHODS: Patient with history of hypothyroidism presented with huge non-tender goiter, compression symptoms and choking, no lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound (US) showed large thyroid lobes. There was a small hypoechoic nodule, and nonspecific lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration/cytology (FNAC) of right thyroid nodule showed scant follicular cells, abundant polymorphic lympocytes, epithelioid histiocytes, and tingible body macrophages, suggestive of De Quervain\'s (granulomatous) thyroiditis. Total thyroidectomy was decided due to compression symptoms and huge goiter.
CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative, thyroid was huge with no adhesions to the strap muscles/trachea. Total thyroidectomy with lymph node biopsy was undertaken. There were no complications. Postoperatively, the patient\'s condition was stable, breathing normally, and neck wound was clean. PTH was 11 pg/mL and calcium was 2.16 mmol/L, suggesting impending transient hypocalcemia. Histopathology showed lymphoepithelial lesions as clusters of lymphocytes within the thyroid follicles epithelium (MALT Balls). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the neoplastic lymphocytes were B cells and stained positive with B-cell markers CD20 and PAX5, but were negative for Cyclin D1 and for T cell markers CD3, CD5 and CD43. The patient was discussed at the lymphoma MDT meeting and the decision was to start the patient on radiotherapy which the patient received.
CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid MALT lymphoma can mimic painless subacute thyroiditis. The triad of a large swelling of non-tender goiter with compression symptoms during a short period; FNAC findings suggestive of thyroiditis; and US showing enlarged thyroid lobes might cause confusion to the unsuspecting practitioner. Histopathology after excision provides definitive diagnosis.

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also called Graves orbitopathy (GO), is the most common diagnosis of orbital tissue inflammation. It is typically associated with the onset of hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune response to excess amounts of thyroid hormone. However, a visible and palpable lump, strictly unilateral or gross asymmetric eye involvement, non-axial (eccentric) proptosis, a lack of lid retraction or lid lag on downward gaze, or weakened muscle function (suggestive of tendon involvement) are the key features of non-TED mediated ocular involvement, as was found in the case we report here. Orbital lymphoma should always be suspected and excluded in all cases of orbital inflammation. Our patient was diagnosed with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma at 27 years of age, two years after the diagnosis of euthyroid ophthalmopathy. This case highlights the need to include space-occupying lesions in the differential diagnosis of proptosis and gaze restrictions, even in younger patients.

Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the breast with amyloid deposits is a very rare cause of breast malignancy. Patients who carry a diagnosis of Sjogren\'s syndrome (SS) have a 5-10% lifetime risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma with MALT lymphoma as the most common histologic subtype. Our case highlights the importance of routine screening mammography in the early detection of such unusual malignancies, and further interventions needed to diagnose and appropriately manage breast MALT lymphoma.

The body contains mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), with the greatest amount located in the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract. Lymphoma may form when the cell growth in this tissue is aberrant. The small intestine is a common extranodular site of lymphoma, a systemic illness. Additionally, it has been proposed that MALT lymphomas (MALTomas) arise as a result of chronic and persistent immunological activation, either of an autoimmune or infectious type. The MALToma that develops in the duodenum is typically thought to be unrelated to Helicobacter pylori infection. However, some examples show that lymphoma regressed when H. pylori were removed.

To investigate the prognostic significance of peripheral blood absolute monocyte count (AMC) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, we retrospectively analyzed 316 newly diagnosed patients with MALT lymphoma. The best cut-off value of AMC was 0.6 × 109/L and LMR was 1.8 by x-tile according to progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis showed that MALT-IPI (p < 0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (p = 0.010), and LMR (p = 0.003) have independent prognostic significance for PFS, MALT-International Prognostic Index (MALT-IPI) (p = 0.018), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) (p = 0.015), and LMR (p = 0.029) predicted poor overall survival (OS). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the prognostic prediction capability of MALT-IPI and MALT-IPI-M (MALT-IPI combined with LMR); area under the curves (AUCs) for MALT-IPI-M were larger than that for MALT-IPI both PFS (0.682 vs 0.654) and OS (0.804 vs 0.788). Our results indicated that that low level LMR at diagnosis was associated with inferior prognosis. The new prognostic index, MALT-IPI-M, enabled the risk stratification capability for MALT lymphoma survival.