如今,由于常规塑料废物的影响,用由负载有各种增强材料的多糖制成的可生物降解的聚合物代替石油基塑料最近受到关注。在这项研究中,使用微波辅助提取技术从埃塞俄比亚仙人掌(OpuntiaFicusIndica)中提取多糖粘液,以开发廉价的可生物降解聚合物,随时可用,制作简单,生态友好。微波功率300-800W的影响,固液(仙人掌-氢氧化钠溶液)比1:5-1:25,氢氧化钠浓度0.1-0.8mol/L,和提取时间2-10分钟的粘液提取进行了研究,并在506W的优化参数下获得了最大的粘液产量,1:20,0.606mol/L,9.5分钟,分别。单独用粘液制成的可生物降解的聚合物具有差的机械特性并且是热不稳定的。因此,为了克服上述问题,使用甘油作为增塑剂,并使用与尿素交联的酸浸高岭土作为增强材料。此外,研究了酸浸高岭土和甘油对薄膜理化性能的影响,最大拉伸强度为6.74MPa,断裂伸长率为18.45%,热提高了26%的生物降解性,在10%酸浸高岭土和20%甘油与2%尿素交联下获得。但是在30%甘油含量下获得53.5%的最大降解性。使用TGA对对照和增强的生物可降解膜进行了表征,FTIR,SEM,和XRD来确定热量,功能组,形态学,和生物塑料的结晶度,分别。这些生物降解塑料可用于包装应用。
Nowadays, substituting petroleum-based plastics with biodegradable polymers made from polysaccharides loaded with various reinforcing materials has recently gained attention due to the impact of conventional plastics wastes. In this study, polysaccharidic
mucilage from Ethiopian cactus (Opuntia Ficus Indica) was derived using microwave-assisted extraction technique to develop biodegradable polymers that were inexpensive, readily available, simple to make, and ecofriendly. The effect of microwave power 300-800 W, solid-liquid (cactus-sodium hydroxide solution) ratio 1:5-1:25, sodium hydroxide concentration 0.1-0.8 mol/L, and extraction time 2-10 min on
mucilage extraction were studied and the maximum yield of
mucilage was attained at optimized parameters of 506 W, 1:20, 0.606 mol/L, and 9.5 min, respectively. Biodegradable polymers made with
mucilage alone have poor mechanical characteristics and are thermally unstable. Thus, to overcome the stated problems, glycerol as a plasticizer and acid-leached kaolin crosslinked with urea as a reinforcing material were used. Moreover, the effect of acid-leached kaolin and glycerol on the physico-chemical properties of the films was studied, and a maximum tensile strength of 6.74 MPa with 18.45 % elongation at break, thermally improved biodegradability of 26 %, were attained at 10 % acid-leached kaolin and 20 % glycerol crosslinking with 2 % urea. But the maximum degradability of 53.5 % was attained at 30 % glycerol content. The control and reinforced biodegradable films were characterized using TGA, FTIR, SEM, and XRD to determine the thermal, functional group, morphology, and crystallinity of the bioplastics, respectively. These biodegradable plastics may be used for packaging application.