阿萨姆柠檬是一种高价值的柑橘品种,以其独特的香气而闻名,风味,和外观。本研究旨在研究形态学,来自阿萨姆邦22个地区的132个阿萨姆柠檬种群中的播种模式和生化变化以及对照样品,目的是提供全面的了解,以促进育种计划的改进和这一重要品种的进一步改进。基于UPGMA算法的聚类对形态和播种模式数据进行了种群水平分析,揭示了两个主要的集群,上阿萨姆邦地区的所有人口与原始种群(对照人口)处于同一集群中。与上阿萨姆邦地区的人口相比,Tinsukia和Dhemaji地区的人口与对照人口表现出更紧密的相似性。另一个有趣的观察是关于开花模式,虽然不包括Golaghat区在内的上阿萨姆邦地区的人口显示出双性花和单性花,单性花的浓度较低,其他其余地区的双性花和单性花的浓度几乎相等。单性花只含有40个花药的雄性生殖器官,而双性花有36个花药。检查了整个地区的播种模式,结果发现,来自Tinsukia的人口,Dhemaji,Lakhimpur,Dibrugarh,Jorhat,对照种群表现出无核特征,而其他选定地区的种群表现出无核和种子性状的组合。有趣的是,Golaghat区似乎是连接区,并显示出种子和无核阿萨姆柠檬果实的可用性,连接巴拉克山谷的地区,中央,较低,北部和上阿萨姆邦。生化分析显示各地区差异很大,然而,来自Dhemaji的人口,Tinsukia,Lakhimpur,Dibrugarh,和Jorhat地区与对照人口显示出相似性。该研究还调查了土壤养分含量的变异性,揭示了所研究种群之间的实质性差异。这项全面的调查提供了对形态学的宝贵见解,播种模式,和阿萨姆柠檬品种内的生化多样性。这些发现可能有助于育种计划,以提高品种,特别是在生产高品质的无核水果,以满足消费者的需求。
The Assam lemon is a highly valued Citrus cultivar known for its unique aroma, flavor, and appearance. This study aimed to investigate the morphological, seeding pattern and biochemical variations within 132 populations of Assam lemon from across 22 districts of Assam along with the control samples, with the objective to offer comprehensive understanding that could facilitate the improvement of breeding programs and further improvement of this important cultivar. Clustering based on UPGMA algorithm for morphological and seeding pattern data were analysed at population level, revealed two major clusters, where all the populations of Upper Assam districts were in the same cluster with the original stock (control population). The populations from Tinsukia and Dhemaji districts displayed more close similarities with the control population in comparison to populations of Upper Assam districts. Another interesting observation was regarding flowering patterns, while populations from Upper Assam districts excluding Golaghat district displayed both bisexual and unisexual flowers with less concentration of unisexual flowers, other remaining districts had bisexual and unisexual flowers of almost equal concentration. Unisexual flowers contained only the male reproductive organs with 40 anthers, while bisexual flowers had 36 anthers. Seeding patterns were examined across the districts, and it was found that populations from Tinsukia, Dhemaji, Lakhimpur, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, and the control population exhibited seedless characteristic while populations from other selected districts displayed a combination of seedless and seeded traits. Interestingly, Golaghat district appears as the linking district and showed availability of both seeded and seedless Assam lemon fruit, connecting the regions of Barak valley, Central, Lower, North and Upper Assam. Biochemical analysis showed significant variations across districts, however, the populations from Dhemaji, Tinsukia, Lakhimpur, Dibrugarh, and Jorhat districts displayed similarity with the control population. The study also investigated variability in soil nutrient content revealing substantial variation among the populations studied. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the morphological, seeding pattern, and biochemical diversity within the Assam lemon cultivar. These findings can be instrumental in breeding programs to enhance the cultivar, particularly in producing high-quality seedless fruits to meet consumer demands.