Mitigate

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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    生物电化学系统(BES)为处理耐火废物和回收生物能源提供了巨大的潜力。然而,它们减轻废水中微塑料污染的能力仍未开发。这项研究表明,BES促进了聚乙烯(PE)的处理,聚氯乙烯(PVC),和混合(PE+PVC)微塑料废水和甲烷回收率(40.61%,20.02%,21.19%,分别)。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),三磷酸腺苷(ATP),细胞色素c,和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH/NAD+)比值随电刺激而升高。此外,施加电压提高了PE-BES中胞外聚合物(EPS)的多糖含量,但降低了PVC-BES中的多糖含量,而蛋白质则表现出相反的趋势。超转录组测序表明,发酵细菌的丰度,产乙酸原,电原,通过施加电压大大增强了产甲烷菌,尤其是在阳极。甲烷代谢主要由乙酰碎屑产甲烷途径控制,随着外加电压促进甲烷的富集,导致乙酸通过乙酸-CoA连接酶直接转化为乙酰-CoA(EC:6.2.1.1),并增加了阳极的代谢活性。此外,外加电压大大提高了与能量代谢相关的功能基因表达水平,三羧酸(TCA)循环,电子传输,和阳极生物膜上的转运蛋白。总的来说,这些结果表明,BES可以减轻污水处理过程中的微塑料污染。
    Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) offer significant potential for treating refractory waste and recovering bioenergy. However, their ability to mitigate microplastic pollution in wastewater remains unexplored. This study showed that BES facilitated the treatment of polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Mix (PE+PVC) microplastic wastewater and the methane recovery (40.61%, 20.02%, 21.19%, respectively). The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cytochrome c, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) ratios were elevated with electrical stimulation. Moreover, the applied voltage improved the polysaccharides content of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the PE-BES but decreased in PVC-BES, while the proteins showed the opposite trend. Metatranscriptomic sequencing showed that the abundance of fermentation bacteria, acetogens, electrogens, and methanogens was greatly enhanced by applying voltage, especially at the anode. Methane metabolism was dominated by the acetoclastic methanogenic pathway, with the applied voltage promoting the enrichment of Methanothrix, resulting in the direct conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA via acetate-CoA ligase (EC: 6.2.1.1), and increased metabolic activity in the anode. Moreover, applied voltage greatly boosted the function genes expression level related to energy metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport, and transporters on the anode biofilm. Overall, these results demonstrate that BES can mitigate microplastic pollution during wastewater treatment.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    强烈的学业压力会导致学生经历压力,如果这种压力没有得到解决,它会导致不良的精神和身体影响。自从大流行以来,由于课堂转向在线模式,学生收到了更多的作业和其他任务。学生可能没有意识到他们有压力,但从其他因素来看,这可能是显而易见的,包括睡眠不足和饮食习惯的改变。在这种情况下,本文提出了一种新颖的集成学习方法,提出了一种用于压力水平分类的体系结构。它分析了某些因素,如睡眠时间,生产时间段,屏幕时间,每周作业及其提交状态,以及通过从学生社区收集调查来增加学生压力的学习方法。对调查数据进行预处理,将压力水平分为三类:高度压力,可管理的压力,没有压力。对于少数民族的分析,过采样方法用于消除数据集中的不平衡,决策树,随机森林分类器,AdaBoost,梯度提升,并实现了具有各种组合的集成学习算法。要评估模型的性能,使用了不同的指标,比如混淆矩阵,准确度,精度,召回,F1得分。结果表明,有效的集成学习学术压力分类器的准确率为93.48%,F1评分为93.14%。还进行了五次交叉验证,准确率达到93.45%。受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)值给出了无应力类别的98%的准确度,同时为可管理和高压力课程提供91%的真阳性率。所提出的具有五次交叉验证的集成学习优于各种最新的算法,可以准确预测压力水平。通过使用这些结果,学生可以确定需要改进的地方,从而减轻他们的压力水平,改变他们的学术生活方式,从而使我们的压力预测方法更有效。
    An intense level of academic pressure causes students to experience stress, and if this stress is not addressed, it can cause adverse mental and physical effects. Since the pandemic situation, students have received more assignments and other tasks due to the shift of classes to an online mode. Students may not realize that they are stressed, but it may be evident from other factors, including sleep deprivation and changes in eating habits. In this context, this paper presents a novel ensemble learning approach that proposes an architecture for stress level classification. It analyzes certain factors such as the sleep hours, productive time periods, screen time, weekly assignments and their submission statuses, and the studying methodology that contribute to stress among the students by collecting a survey from the student community. The survey data are preprocessed to categorize stress levels into three categories: highly stressed, manageable stress, and no stress. For the analysis of the minority class, oversampling methodology is used to remove the imbalance in the dataset, and decision tree, random forest classifier, AdaBoost, gradient boost, and ensemble learning algorithms with various combinations are implemented. To assess the model\'s performance, different metrics were used, such as the confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The results showed that the efficient ensemble learning academic stress classifier gave an accuracy of 93.48% and an F1 score of 93.14%. Fivefold cross-validation was also performed, and an accuracy of 93.45% was achieved. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) value gave an accuracy of 98% for the no-stress category, while providing a 91% true positive rate for manageable and high-stress classes. The proposed ensemble learning with fivefold cross-validation outperformed various state-of-the-art algorithms to predict the stress level accurately. By using these results, students can identify areas for improvement, thereby reducing their stress levels and altering their academic lifestyles, thereby making our stress prediction approach more effective.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    植物可以通过编程来保护自己,重新编程,以及对众多环境压力的压力耐受性,包括重金属毒性。重金属胁迫是一种不断降低各种作物生产力的非生物胁迫,包括大豆。有益微生物在提高植物生产力和减轻非生物胁迫中起着至关重要的作用。很少探索重金属对大豆的非生物胁迫的同时影响。此外,非常需要通过可持续的方法减少大豆种子中的金属污染。本文介绍了通过植物接种内生菌和植物生长促进根际细菌介导的重金属耐受性的启动,通过传感注释识别植物转导途径,以及从分子到基因组学的当代变化。结果表明,有益微生物的接种在重金属胁迫下挽救大豆中起着重要作用。他们创造了一个动态的,通过称为植物-微生物相互作用的级联与植物的复杂相互作用。它通过产生植物激素来增强胁迫金属耐受性,基因表达,和次生代谢产物。总的来说,微生物接种对于调节植物保护对气候波动产生的重金属胁迫的反应至关重要。
    Plants are adapted to defend themselves through programming, reprogramming, and stress tolerance against numerous environmental stresses, including heavy metal toxicity. Heavy metal stress is a kind of abiotic stress that continuously reduces various crops\' productivity, including soybeans. Beneficial microbes play an essential role in improving plant productivity as well as mitigating abiotic stress. The simultaneous effect of abiotic stress from heavy metals on soybeans is rarely explored. Moreover, reducing metal contamination in soybean seeds through a sustainable approach is extremely needed. The present article describes the initiation of heavy metal tolerance mediated by plant inoculation with endophytes and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, the identification of plant transduction pathways via sensing annotation, and contemporary changes from molecular to genomics. The results suggest that the inoculation of beneficial microbes plays a significant role in rescuing soybeans under heavy metal stress. They create a dynamic, complex interaction with plants via a cascade called plant-microbial interaction. It enhances stress metal tolerance via the production of phytohormones, gene expression, and secondary metabolites. Overall, microbial inoculation is essential in mediating plant protection responses to heavy metal stress produced by a fluctuating climate.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    与吸烟相比,有关vapes\'相对危害的错误信息的影响可能会导致与烟草相关的疾病负担增加。迄今为止,尚未做出系统的努力来制定减轻与电子烟相关的错误信息的干预措施。我们计划进行范围审查,以填补当前干预措施知识的空白,以减轻与电子烟相关的错误信息。
    将进行范围审查,重点关注减轻与电子烟相关的错误信息的干预措施。我们将搜索(没有日期限制)MEDLINE,Scopus,EMBASE,CINAHL,PsycINFO,WebofScience核心合集,全球卫生,ERIC,和社会学文摘。灰色文献将使用灾难点燃来识别,谷歌学者,开放科学框架,政府网站,和预打印服务器(例如,EuropePMC,PsyArXiv,MedRxiv,JMIR预印本)。研究选择将符合JoannaBriggs研究所审稿人的JBI范围审查手册2020方法。只有英语,将考虑纳入原始研究。两名审稿人将独立筛选所有引文,全文文章,抽象数据。将对调查结果进行叙述性总结。数据分析将涉及定量(例如,频率)和定性(例如,内容和主题分析)方法。在可能的情况下,每个样本将计算与蒸汽相关的错误信息缓解的单一效应大小。同样,在可能的情况下,每项研究都将编码调节特征,以发现和解释正在分析的效应或结果的大小的系统差异。质量将通过国家心脏使用的研究质量评估工具进行评估,肺,血液研究所。研究结果将接受几种不同的出版偏倚测试:Egger回归测试,Begg和Mazumdar进行了相关性检验,并生成具有针对相应标准误差绘制的效果大小的漏斗图。
    迫切需要原始研究来设计干预措施,以减轻与电子烟相关的错误信息。计划的范围审查将有助于解决这一差距。
    开放科学框架osf/io/hy3tk。
    The impact of misinformation about vapes\' relative harms compared with smoking may lead to increased tobacco-related burden of disease. To date, no systematic efforts have been made to chart interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill gaps in the current knowledge of interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation.
    A scoping review focusing on interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation will be conducted. We will search (no date restrictions) MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Global Health, ERIC, and Sociological Abstracts. Gray literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, Open Science Framework, governmental websites, and preprint servers (e.g., EuropePMC, PsyArXiv, MedRxiv, JMIR Preprints). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\' Manual 2020 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods. Where possible, a single effect size of exposure to the mitigation of vaping-related misinformation will be calculated per sample. Similarly, where possible, each study will be coded for moderating characteristics to find and account for systematic differences in the size of the effect or outcome that is being analyzed. Quality will be appraised with the study quality assessment tools utilized by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Findings will be subjected to several different publication bias tests: Egger\'s regression test, Begg and Mazumdar\'s ran correlation test, and generation of a funnel plot with effect sizes plotted against a corresponding standard error.
    Original research is urgently needed to design interventions to mitigate vaping-related misinformation. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.
    Open Science Framework osf/io/hy3tk.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    破坏性行为(DB)通常不在法律制裁的范围内,尽管它们的不良影响。因此,许多医疗机构仍然难以有效地处理它们。一些研究表明,很少有组织有量身定制的政策或程序来评估,证明和减轻这些行为。然而,有证据表明,减轻DB对于授权医护人员专注于提供优质、负担得起和安全的病人护理。这项研究的目的是探讨放射线照相管理人员对减轻涉及放射线照相医师的DB的策略的看法。在2021年3月至4月之间进行了一项探索性定性研究,采用一对一的半结构化深度访谈。通过有目的的标准抽样选择了哈拉雷大都会省中心医院的11名射线照相管理人员。访谈数据采用Tesch的定性分析方法进行分析。首先将数据手动编码,然后输入Nvivo(QSR国际版本11)用于进一步分析。采访数据中出现了三个主题,包括对数据库的认识,愿意与DB打交道,解决冲突。应确定并实施减轻DB的特定环境策略,以确保放射技师的健康工作环境,以便他们专注于提供出色和安全的患者护理。
    Disruptive behaviours (DBs) are not normally in the scope of legal sanctions, notwithstanding their undesirable effects. Hence, many healthcare organizations still have difficulty in dealing with them in an effective manner. Several studies suggest that few organizations have tailor-made policies or procedures for evaluating, proving and mitigating these behaviours. However, evidence shows that mitigating DBs is critical to empowering healthcare workers to focus on providing superior, affordable and safe patient care. The aim of this study was to explore radiography managers\' perspectives on the strategies to mitigate DBs involving radiographers. An exploratory qualitative study employing one-on-one semi-structured in-depth interviews was carried out between March and April 2021. Eleven radiography managers at central hospitals in Harare Metropolitan Province were selected by criterion-purposive sampling. The interview data were analyzed using Tesch\'s method of qualitative analysis. The data were first manually coded and then entered into Nvivo (QSR International Version 11) for further analysis. Three themes emerged from the interview data including awareness of DBs, willingness to address DBs, and conflict resolution. Context-specific strategies to mitigate DBs should be identified and implemented to guarantee a healthy work environment for radiographers so that they focus on providing excellent and safe patient care.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    盐渍土是一种世界性分布的资源,严重危害植物的生长发育。NaCl是盐渍土中分布最广的盐。作为盐生植物的典型代表,TamarixramosissimaLcdcb(T.ramosissima)通常生长在盐渍化土壤中,和盐生植物在盐胁迫条件下保留更多K的能力不同。盐生植物可以通过吸收和运输钾(K)来提高活性氧(ROS)的清除活性,从而适应不同的盐环境。在这项研究中,电子显微镜观察,过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定,在NaCl胁迫下0h对花叶菜叶片进行了一级抗氧化酶活性测定和转录组测序分析,48h和168h。结果表明,在200mMNaCl+10mMKCl和200mMNaCl组中,H2O2和MDA含量增加,但含量在200mMNaCl组中在168h时增加最多。200mMNaCl+10mMKCl组中的T.ramosissima叶片的盐分泌最多,及其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于200mMNaCl组,并显着高于对照组。根据转录组测序的结果,发现39个与抗氧化酶活性相关的基因在转录水平上表达发生显著变化。其中,15个与抗氧化酶活性相关的基因上调,在NaCl胁迫下施用外源钾(K+)48h时,24个与抗氧化酶活性相关的基因在紫花苜蓿叶片中下调;在NaCl胁迫下施用外源钾(K+)168h时,21个抗氧化酶活性相关基因上调,18个抗氧化酶活性相关基因在茶树叶片中下调。根据不同治疗时间表达水平的变化,进一步筛选了抗氧化酶活性的10个关键候选差异表达基因(DEGs)(Unigene0050462、Unigene0014843、Unigene0046159、Unigene0046160、Unigene0008032、Unigene0048033、Unigene0004890、Unigene0015109、Unigene0020552和Unigene0048它们在响应NaCl胁迫对T.ramosissima的叶片施用外源钾(K)48h和168h中起着重要作用。它们的表达水平由上调主导,增强了抗氧化酶的活性,并帮助T.ramosissima减轻NaCl中毒并抵抗NaCl胁迫。特别是,在200mMNaCl-48h的比较组中,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性的Unigene0048538具有最大的log2倍数变化。200mMNaCl+10mMKCl-48h和200mMNaCl-168h与200mMNaCl+10mMKCl-168h,其表达水平上调,在NaCl毒性中起重要作用。同时,系统发育树分析结果表明,Unigene0048538在进化关系中与紫桃的遗传距离最近。总之,随着NaCl胁迫下外源钾(K+)施用时间的增加,通过增强抗氧化酶的活性和维持毛虫的生长,毛虫可以抵抗高NaCl胁迫。尽管如此,完全消除NaCl毒物是不够的。本研究为代表性盐生植物对NaCl胁迫的耐盐和K+缓解NaCl毒物的分子机制提供了理论依据。
    Saline soil is a worldwide distributed resource that seriously harms plants\' growth and development. NaCl is the most widely distributed salt in saline soil. As a typical representative of halophytes, Tamarix ramosissima Lcdcb (T. ramosissima) is commonly grown in salinized soil, and halophytes have different abilities to retain more K+ under salt stress conditions. Halophytes can adapt to different salt environments by improving the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by absorbing and transporting potassium (K+). In this study, electron microscope observation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents determination, primary antioxidant enzyme activity determination and transcriptome sequencing analysis were carried out on the leaves of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress at 0 h, 48 h and 168 h. The results showed that H2O2 and MDA contents increased in the 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl and 200 mM NaCl groups, but the content increased the most in the 200 mM NaCl group at 168 h. In addition, the leaves of T. ramosissima in the 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl group had the most salt secretion, and its superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all higher than those of the 200 mM NaCl group and significantly higher than those of the control group. According to the results of transcriptome sequencing, it was found that the expression of 39 genes related to antioxidant enzyme activity changed significantly at the transcriptional level. Among them, 15 genes related to antioxidant enzyme activities were upregulated, and 24 genes related to antioxidant enzyme activities were downregulated in the leaves of T. ramosissima when exogenous potassium (K+) was applied under NaCl stress for 48 h; when exogenous potassium (K+) was used for 168 h under NaCl stress, 21 antioxidant enzyme activity-related genes were upregulated, and 18 antioxidant enzyme activity-related genes were downregulated in T. ramosissima leaves. Based on the changes of expression levels at different treatment times, 10 key candidates differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (Unigene0050462, Unigene0014843, Unigene0046159, Unigene0046160, Unigene0008032, Unigene0048033, Unigene0004890, Unigene0015109, Unigene0020552 and Unigene0048538) for antioxidant enzyme activities were further screened. They played an important role in applying exogenous potassium (K+) for 48 h and 168 h to the leaves of T. ramosissima in response to NaCl stress. Their expression levels were dominated by upregulation, which enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and helped T. ramosissima mitigate NaCl poison and resist NaCl stress. Particularly, Unigene0048538 in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity had the largest log2 fold-change in the comparison groups of 200 mM NaCl-48 h vs. 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl-48 h and 200 mM NaCl-168 h vs. 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl-168 h. Its expression level was upregulated and played an important role in NaCl toxicity. At the same time, the results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Unigene0048538 had the closest genetic distance to Prunus persica in the evolutionary relationship. In summary, with the increase of exogenous potassium (K+) application time under NaCl stress, T. ramosissima can resist high NaCl stress by enhancing antioxidant enzymes\' activity and maintaining the growth of T. ramosissima. Still, it is not enough to completely eliminate NaCl poison. This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and K+ mitigation of NaCl poison by the representative halophyte T. ramosissima in response to NaCl stress.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    植物抵御包括干旱在内的生态压力。因此,他们采取各种策略来应对压力,如渗流和抗旱机制,允许植物在干旱条件下发育。有证据表明微生物在植物耐旱性中起作用。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个文献的综述,描述了通过植物接种真菌介导的耐旱性的开始,细菌,病毒,和几种细菌元素,以及通过原型功能或形态注释和当代“组学”技术鉴定的植物转导途径。总的来说,微生物协会在介导植物保护对干旱的反应中起着潜在的作用,这是农业制造系统受气候波动影响的重要因素。
    Plants defend themselves against ecological stresses including drought. Therefore, they adopt various strategies to cope with stress, such as seepage and drought tolerance mechanisms, which allow plant development under drought conditions. There is evidence that microbes play a role in plant drought tolerance. In this study, we presented a review of the literature describing the initiation of drought tolerance mediated by plant inoculation with fungi, bacteria, viruses, and several bacterial elements, as well as the plant transduction pathways identified via archetypal functional or morphological annotations and contemporary \"omics\" technologies. Overall, microbial associations play a potential role in mediating plant protection responses to drought, which is an important factor for agricultural manufacturing systems that are affected by fluctuating climate.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    COVID-19大流行的持续时间和影响在很大程度上取决于个人和社会行为,这些行为受到他们所接触信息的质量和显著性的影响。不幸的是,COVID-19错误信息激增。迄今为止,尚未做出系统的努力来评估减轻COVID-19相关错误信息的干预措施。我们计划进行范围界定审查,以填补当前缓解COVID-19相关错误信息的干预措施知识中的几个空白。
    将进行范围审查,重点关注缓解COVID-19错误信息的干预措施。我们将搜索(从2020年1月起)MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL,PsycINFO,WebofScience核心合集,非洲信息,全球卫生,世卫组织冠状病毒疾病数据库全球文献,世界卫生组织全球指数,和社会学文摘。灰色文献将使用灾难点燃来识别,谷歌学者,开放科学框架,政府网站,和预打印服务器(例如,EuropePMC,PsyArXiv,MedRxiv,JMIR预印本)。研究选择将符合JoannaBriggs研究所审稿人的JBI范围审查手册2020方法。只有英语,将考虑纳入原始研究。两名审稿人将独立筛选所有引文,全文文章,抽象数据。将对调查结果进行叙述性总结。数据分析将涉及定量(例如,频率)和定性(例如,内容和主题分析)方法。
    迫切需要原始研究来设计干预措施,以减轻COVID-19的错误信息。计划的范围审查将有助于解决这一差距。
    系统审查注册:开放科学框架(osf/io/etw9d)。
    The duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic depends in a large part on individual and societal actions which is influenced by the quality and salience of the information to which they are exposed. Unfortunately, COVID-19 misinformation has proliferated. To date, no systematic efforts have been made to evaluate interventions that mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of interventions that mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation.
    A scoping review focusing on interventions that mitigate COVID-19 misinformation will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Africa-Wide Information, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Sociological Abstracts. Gray literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, Open Science Framework, governmental websites, and preprint servers (e.g., EuropePMC, PsyArXiv, MedRxiv, JMIR Preprints). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\' Manual 2020 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods.
    Original research is urgently needed to design interventions to mitigate COVID-19 misinformation. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.
    Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework (osf/io/etw9d).
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    到2050年,世界人口估计将达到100亿,确保健康和安全食品的挑战是显而易见的。海藻是应对这一挑战的潜在答案。扩大海藻在粮食系统中的使用需要强调安全做法,以避免食用后对人类健康的不利影响和对海洋生态系统的不可逆转的损害。本研究旨在评估相关食品安全和环境安全隐患,监测措施,以及海藻行业的缓解策略。对于这项研究,文献综述,调查(n=36),并进行访谈(n=12)以识别危害。审查和访谈旨在查明所采用的监测措施和缓解战略,而调查显示数据差距和该部门需要采取的进一步行动。相关食品安全危害包括(无机)砷,碘,和重金属,其中,如致病菌,虽然环境危害包括驯化海藻引入生态系统的环境病原体和寄生虫,在其他人中。旨在通过良好的卫生或制造实践预防或减轻危害的措施,食品安全程序或协议,或选址前的农场选择。尽管海藻行业未来的需求各不相同,对一些人来说,与不断变化的粮食系统和危害知识的发展以及有关海藻的益处以及调节气候和水质的信息保持一致的统一建议和协议可能会有所帮助。
    With a world population estimated at 10 billion people by 2050, the challenge to secure healthy and safe food is evident. Seaweed is a potential answer to this challenge. Expanding the use of seaweed in food systems requires an emphasis on safe practices to avoid adverse human health effects after consumption and irreversible damage to marine ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate relevant food safety and environmental safety hazards, monitoring measures, and mitigation strategies in the seaweed sector. For this study, a literature review, survey (n = 36), and interviews (n = 12) were conducted to identify hazards. The review and interviews aimed at pinpointing monitoring measures and mitigation strategies applied, while the survey revealed data gaps and further actions needed for the sector. Relevant food safety hazards include (inorganic) arsenic, iodine, and heavy metals, among others, such as pathogenic bacteria, while environmental hazards include environmental pathogens and parasites introduced into the ecosystem by domesticated seaweed, among others. Measures applied aim at preventing or mitigating hazards through good hygienic or manufacturing practices, food safety procedures or protocols, or pre-site farm selection. Although the future needs of the seaweed sector vary, for some, harmonized advice and protocols that align with a changing food system and hazard knowledge development as well as information on the benefits of seaweed and regulating climate and water quality may help.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    UNASSIGNED:本研究的主要目的是评估COVID-19对孟加拉国餐饮业的影响。它从餐馆老板的角度研究了COVID-19大流行的人道主义灾难的社会经济影响。该研究还旨在提供建议,以减轻对餐饮业的影响。
    UNASSIGNED:采用了定性研究方法来探索COVID-19大流行对孟加拉国餐饮业的影响。与孟加拉国RajshahiCityCorporation地区的顶级餐馆老板进行了总共22次深入访谈。采用主题分析技术对收集到的数据进行分析。
    未经评估:研究发现,餐厅老板被迫减少员工人数,并被迫确保社会距离和适当的卫生,这增加了开支。虽然网上订单和送货上门服务大幅增加,由于缺乏资金支持,餐厅的业务运营逐渐变得至关重要。因此,餐馆老板敦促政府提供财政援助。
    UNASSIGNED:由于这项研究仅针对孟加拉国的一个城市,研究结果可能缺乏普遍性。因此,我们鼓励研究者扩大研究范围.
    UNASSIGNED:这项研究将帮助餐馆老板和政策制定者制定当代商业政策和战略。因此,这将有助于改善孟加拉国等发展中国家餐馆企业的现状。
    未经批准:本文确定了COVID-19大流行期间餐饮业的残酷情景。
    UNASSIGNED: The main purpose of this study is to assess the effects of COVID-19 on the restaurant businesses of Bangladesh. It examines the socio-economic impacts of the humanitarian disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of restaurant owners. The study also intends to provide recommendations to mitigate effects on the restaurant business.
    UNASSIGNED: A qualitative research approach was adopted to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant businesses of Bangladesh. A total of 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with the top-ranked restaurant owners in the Rajshahi City Corporation area of Bangladesh. Thematic analysis technique was applied for analyzing the collected data.
    UNASSIGNED: The study found that the restaurant owners were compelled to reduce their number of employees, and forced to ensure social distancing and proper sanitization which increased the expenses. Although online orders and home delivery services have increased significantly, restaurant business operation is gradually turning critical owing to the lack of financial support. Thus, restaurant owners urge the govenrment for financial assistance.
    UNASSIGNED: Since this research only focused on one city in Bangladesh, the outcomes of study may have a dearth of generalizability. Hence, the investigators are encouraged to extend the study area.
    UNASSIGNED: This study will help restaurant owners and policymakers in formulating contemporary business policies and strategies. Thus, it will be supportive of improving the present condition of the restaurant businesses in developing countries like Bangladesh.
    UNASSIGNED: This paper identified the truculent scenario of the restaurant business during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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