背景:《杭州市公共场所控制吸烟条例(2019)》已逐步通过,其中明确规定,在未成年人教育和医疗保健机构的室外区域严禁吸烟。然而,很少有研究报告在杭州市市区的未成年人在户外公共场所暴露于二手烟(SHS)。
方法:我们旨在通过现场观察和问卷调查评估未成年人经常光顾的公共场所接触SHS的情况。在这项横断面研究中,根据城市的空间分布和发展过程,将该区域分为核心区域和非核心区域。核心区包括西湖商业区,延伸到钱塘江,而非核心区域位于此半径之外。采用分层随机抽样,选择各地区30个公共场所作为观察点。现场观察测量了SHS暴露和吸烟控制,每个站点对6名个体进行问卷调查。对两种调查方法的结果进行了比较。
结果:在57个有效观察点中,24.6%(14/57)没有显示任何禁烟迹象。来自现场观察P1(观察有人吸烟或闻到烟草烟雾)的室外SHS暴露率,现场观察P2(观察某人吸烟或闻到烟草烟雾或看到烟头)和问卷调查P3,为59.6%(95%CI:45.7-72.2),91.1%(95%CI:79.7-96.7)和41.0%(95%CI:35.5-46.7),分别。
结论:杭州市区未成年人经常光顾的地区户外SHS暴露量仍然很高,再加上未成年人对SHS风险缺乏认识。因此,控制这些关键区域的室外SHS暴露是杭州的一个关键公共卫生问题,需要进一步的烟草控制工作。现场观测是调查室外SHS暴露的重要补充研究方法,特别是描述焦点区域的SHS曝光。
BACKGROUND: Hangzhou Public Places Smoking Control Regulations (2019) have been gradually adopted, which explicitly stipulate that smoking is strictly prohibited in the outdoor areas of educational and healthcare institutions for
minors. However, there are few studies reporting the exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in outdoor public places for
minors in the urban area of Hangzhou City.
METHODS: We aimed to assess the exposure to SHS in public spaces frequented by
minors using on-site observations and questionnaires. In this cross-sectional study, the area was divided into core and non-core areas based on the spatial distribution and development process of the city. The core areas included the West Lake commercial district, extending to the Qiantang River, while non-core areas were located beyond this radius. Using stratified random sampling, 30 public places in each area were selected as observation sites. On-site observations measured SHS exposure and smoking control, and questionnaires were administered to 6 individuals at each site. The results were compared between the two investigation methods.
RESULTS: Among the 57 valid observation points, 24.6% (14/57) did not display any no-smoking signs. Outdoor SHS exposure rate from on-site observation P1 (observing someone smoking or smelling tobacco smoke), on-site observation P2 (observing someone smoking or smelling tobacco smoke or seeing cigarette butts) and questionnaire survey P3, were 59.6% (95% CI: 45.7-72.2), 91.1% (95% CI: 79.7-96.7) and 41.0% (95% CI: 35.5-46.7), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The outdoor SHS exposure in areas frequented by
minors in the urban district of Hangzhou City remains high, coupled with a lack of awareness of SHS risks among underage individuals. Therefore, controlling outdoor SHS exposure in these key areas is a critical public health issue in Hangzhou, requiring further tobacco control efforts. On-site observation is an important and supplementary research method to investigate outdoor SHS exposure, especially to describe the SHS exposure of focus areas.