BACKGROUND: The European Medicines Agency Innovation Task Force (ITF) acts as early point of contact for medicine and technology developers to enable innovation during early drug development stages through ITF briefing meetings.
OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the current pace of innovation and to assess the potential of ITF stakeholder interactions, a comprehensive analysis of the ITF briefing meetings held between 2021 and 2022 was conducted with a focus on individual questions raised by the developers and the related feedback provided by the European regulators.
METHODS: Questions raised during ITF briefing meetings were extracted and categorised into main and sub-categories, revealing different themes across the whole medicine development process such as manufacturing technologies, pre-clinical developments, and clinically relevant questions.
RESULTS: There was positive feedback from regulators who gave initial guidance in 85% of the answers, provided concrete examples in 20% of the answers and recommended to continue discussions through additional regulatory procedures in 22% of the answers.
CONCLUSIONS: This analysis frames the content and the type of topics discussed during ITF briefing meetings. Moreover, it describes the type of regulatory feedback provided to medicine developers and identified potential for improvement of these early interactions. Therefore, this analysis emphasises the role of ITF briefing meetings in fostering innovation in medicine.

An i-motif (iM) is a four-stranded (quadruplex) DNA structure that folds from cytosine (C)-rich sequences. iMs can fold under many different conditions in vitro, which paves the way for their formation in living cells. iMs are thought to play key roles in various DNA transactions, notably in the regulation of genome stability, gene transcription, mRNA translation, DNA replication, telomere and centromere functions, and human diseases. We summarize the different techniques used to assess the folding of iMs in vitro and provide an overview of the internal and external factors that affect their formation and stability in vivo. We describe the possible biological relevance of iMs and propose directions towards their use as target in biology.

The understanding of what ethnography looks like, and its purpose, is continuously evolving. COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to ethnographers, particularly those working in health-related research. Researchers have developed alternative forms of ethnography to overcome some of these challenges; we developed the Mobile Instant Messaging Ethnography (MIME) adaptation to ethnography in 2021 to overcome restrictions to our own research with hospital doctors. However, for ethnographic innovations to make a substantial contribution to methodology, they should not simply be borne of necessity, but of a dedicated drive to expand paradigms of research, to empower participant groups and to produce change - in local systems, in participant-collaborators and in researchers and the research process itself. In this paper, we reflect on our experiences using MIME, involving collaborative remote observation and reflection with 28 hospital doctors in Ireland from June to December 2021. After reviewing literature on ethnography in COVID-19 and general epistemological developments in ethnography, we detail the MIME approach and illustrate how MIME presents an evolution of the ethnographic approach, not only practically but in terms of its reflexive shift, its connected and co-creative foundations, and its ability to drive change in research approaches, participant life-worlds and real-world improvement.

This essay has three autoethnographic, interconnected, temporal vignettes that narrate my lived pandemic experiences of mothering a teenage daughter, performing socially isolated housework, and teaching online classes. These personal experiences are located in specific Indian contexts through thick descriptions that accommodate more massive perspectives. Adapting Sarah Sharma\'s concepts of power-chronography and temporal politics, I problematize my COVID-enforced slow time, and explore more deeply how my fraught COVID time experiences intersect with the multiple COVID times of others. I use this methodological format-autoethnography, thick description, and theorization-to make sense of my pandemic experiences at both microscopic and massive levels.

In 5 months of COVID isolation, living out of a suitcase in temporary housing, countless fractal patterns emerged. I can\'t say if I created these patterns by looking for them, or that I know the whole world by looking at a grain of sand. The truth of the matter is that it feels like the key for massive scale change is just in front of us, but slipping from our grasp. As we move through these days, weeks, and months, we have very little time before the difference recedes again. I address this matter of concern as a matter of method in performative grounded theory piece.

These are two autoethnographic voices. We speak in a strange time: democracy dies, social justice dies. A lot of people have died of the virus, many die of fear. We write to protest against new neoliberal and neoconservative \"shock doctrine.\" We write together to protest against destructive self-absorption, isolation, and fear. It is protest-text. But we are not sure what we can do now.

Malondialdehyde is a three-carbon dialdehyde produced as a byproduct of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation widely used as a marker of the extent of lipid peroxidation in plants. There are several methodological approaches to quantify malondialdehyde contents in higher plants, ranging from the simplest, cheapest, and quickest spectrophotometric approaches to the more complex ones using tandem mass spectrometry. This chapter summarizes the advantages and limitations of approaches followed and provides brief protocols with some tips to facilitate the selection of the best method for each experimental condition and application.

The International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (IJTMB) serves as a dedicated platform for advancing the therapeutic massage and bodywork profession through research, practice, and education. In this article, the focus is on the critical aspect of research, exploring various methodologies and methods to unveil the complexities within therapeutic massage and bodywork research. The IJTMB emphasizes the importance of diversifying research types, considering carefully the methods used, and placing all decisions for research study design and methods within relevant ethical considerations. The necessity of knowledge translation, pushing researchers to disseminate their findings widely, and bridging the gap between research and practice for the betterment of the profession and the broader community are emphasized. The IJTMB remains committed to inspiring and facilitating this vibrant exchange of knowledge within the TMB community, thereby advancing the field.

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Neurological disorders such as Parkinsonism cause serious socio-economic problems as there are, at present, only therapies that treat their symptoms. The well-established hallmark alpha-synuclein (SYN) is enriched in the inclusion bodies characteristic of Parkinsonism. We discovered a prominent partner of SYN, termed Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP), which has important physiological and pathological activities such as the regulation of the microtubule network and the promotion of SYN aggregation. The role of TPPP in Parkinsonism is often neglected in research, which we here attempt to remedy. In the normal brain, SYN and TPPP are expressed endogenously in neurons and oligodendrocytes, respectively, whilst, at an early stage of Parkinsonism, soluble hetero-associations of these proteins are found in both cell types. The cell-to-cell transmission of these proteins, which is central to disease progression, provides a unique situation for specific drug targeting. Different strategies for intervention and for the discovery of biomarkers include (i) interface targeting of the SYN-TPPP hetero-complex; (ii) proteolytic degradation of SYN and/or TPPP using the PROTAC technology; and (iii) depletion of the proteins by miRNA technology. We also discuss the potential roles of SYN and TPPP in the phenotype stabilization of neurons and oligodendrocytes.