金属-有机骨架(MOFs)是由金属簇和有机接头组成的晶体多孔材料的迷人家族。与其他多孔材料相比,MOFs具有独特的特征,包括高表面积,均匀的开放空腔,和永久的高孔隙率与可变的形状和尺寸。由于这些原因,最近已通过固相萃取(SPE)探索MOF作为样品制备中的吸附剂。然而,SPE需要大量的吸附剂,并且与分析物的接触表面有限,这损害了提取回收率和效率。分散SPE(D-SPE)通过将吸附剂分散到样品中克服了这些限制,这又增加了与分析物的接触。微萃取程序的小型化,特别是吸着剂的量减少了有机溶剂的消耗量并缩短了达到平衡状态所需的时间。这可以解释所报道的MOF在色散微SPE(D-µ-SPE)中的高效率和适用性。该方法保留了固相萃取的所有优点,同时也更简单,更快,更便宜,and,在某些情况下,与D-SPE相比更有效。此外,D-µ-SPE需要较少量的吸附剂,这降低了总成本,以及分析过程中产生的废物量。在这次审查中,我们讨论了MOFs在包括药物在内的各种分析物的D-µ-SPE中的应用,杀虫剂,来自包括水样在内的各种基质的有机染料,生物样本和食物样本。
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating family of crystalline porous materials made up of metal clusters and organic linkers. In comparison with other porous materials, MOFs have unique characteristics including high surface area, homogeneous open cavities, and permanent high porosity with variable shapes and sizes. For these reasons, MOFs have recently been explored as sorbents in sample preparation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). However, SPE requires large amounts of sorbents and suffers from limited contact surfaces with analytes, which compromises extraction recovery and efficiency. Dispersive SPE (D-SPE) overcomes these limitations by dispersing the sorbents into the sample, which in turn increases contact with the analytes. Miniaturization of the microextraction procedure, particularly the amount of sorbent reduces the amount consumed of the organic solvent and shorten the time required to attain the equilibrium state. This may explain the reported high efficiency and applicability of MOFs in dispersive micro SPE (D-µ-SPE). This method retains all the advantages of solid phase extraction while also being simpler, faster, cheaper, and, in some cases, more effective in comparison with D-SPE. Besides, D-µ-SPE requires smaller amounts of the sorbents which reduces the overall cost, and the amount of waste generated from the analytical process. In this review, we discuss the applications of MOFs in D-µ-SPE of various analytes including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, organic dyes from miscellaneous matrices including water samples, biological samples and food samples.