由于砷的公共卫生问题,矿区环境管理措施已经实施。全面评估矿区环境管理措施的效果。尿液中的砷积累,头发,指甲,湖南省雄黄矿区居民尿代谢产物,2019年对中国进行了调查,并跟踪了2012-2019年期间生物标志物中砷含量的变化。混杂因素的重要性(年龄,性别,职业,residence,临床病史,蔬菜来源,烹饪燃料,吸烟,酒精消费,BMI)使用Boruta算法进行分析。实施环境管理措施后(包括停止开采和冶炼活动,建筑垃圾填埋场,调整种植结构,和土壤恢复),尿液,头发,和指甲砷浓度急剧下降,但仍然过量。长期定居在矿区并食用自产蔬菜的老年男性矿工中砷的积累最高。尿砷水平变化的唯一因素是烹饪燃料类型;使用木材作为烹饪燃料的居民经历了持续的砷暴露。职业和性别对于确定头发和指甲中的砷变化很重要。尿液中的短期砷积累受到砷暴露的影响,而砷长期积累在头发和指甲中的代谢能力。矿区参与者的尿砷代谢百分比和砷甲基化指数均在正常范围内(%iAs:10-30%,%MMA:10-20%,%DMA:60-80%);样品显示代谢能力比参考人群差。男性矿工的砷代谢能力相对较弱,可能因饮酒和吸烟而加重。没有土壤修复,砷暴露将继续。应放弃自家种植的蔬菜和生物质燃料;建议减少香烟和酒精的消耗。尿砷更适合评估矿区的环境修复。
Due to the public health concern of arsenic, environmental management measures in mining areas had been implemented. To assess the effect of environmental management measures in the mining area comprehensively, arsenic accumulation in the urine, hair, nails, and urinary metabolites of residents in a realgar mining area in Hunan province, China were investigated in 2019, and the changes in arsenic levels in the biomarkers during 2012-2019 were tracked. The importance of confounding factors (age, sex, occupation, residence, clinical history, vegetable source, cooking fuel, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI) was analyzed using the Boruta algorithm. After the implementation of environmental management measures (including ceasing mining and smelting activities, building landfills, adjusting the planting structure, and soil restoration), urine, hair, and nail arsenic concentration decreased drastically but were still excessive. Arsenic accumulation was highest in older male miners who were long settled in the mining area and consumed homegrown vegetables. The only factor for changes in urinary arsenic levels was the cooking fuel type; residents using wood as cooking fuel experienced sustained arsenic exposure. Occupation and sex were important for determining arsenic changes in the hair and nails. Short-term arsenic accumulation in urine was affected by arsenic exposure, while long-term accumulation in hair and nails by arsenic metabolic capacity. The percentage of urinary arsenic metabolism and arsenic methylation indices of the participants in the mining area were within the normal range (%iAs: 10-30 %, %MMA: 10-20 %, % DMA: 60-80 %); samples indicated worse metabolic capacity than the reference population. The arsenic metabolic capacity of male miners was relatively weak, probably aggravated by alcohol drinking and smoking. Without soil remediation, arsenic exposure will continue. Homegrown vegetables and biomass fuels should be abandoned; reduced cigarette and alcohol consumption is recommended. Urinary arsenic would be more proper for assessing environmental remediation in mining areas.