UNASSIGNED: Diabetes, especially Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global health challenge. Complementary and alternative medicine, such as Unani Medicine, has gained popularity for managing T2DM.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Unani medications in T2DM management.
UNASSIGNED: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant clinical trials. Inclusion criteria focused on original research articles examining the efficacy and safety of Unani medications in patients with T2DM. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using established criteria, and meta-analyses were conducted to assess the efficacy of Unani medications on glycemic control.
UNASSIGNED: Five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses revealed that Unani medications significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose levels compared to control groups. However, the impact on HbA1c levels was not statistically significant. No adverse effects were reported.
UNASSIGNED: The findings of this review suggest that Unani medications hold promise in the management of T2DM, as evidenced by significant reductions in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. However, further investigation, particularly focusing on compounds like Qurs Gulnar, is essential to unravel their mechanisms and ascertain their long-term efficacy. Moreover, enhancing study quality would provide valuable insights into the role of Unani Medicine as a complementary or alternative therapy for T2DM. These efforts are critical for establishing Unani Medicine\'s place in the comprehensive management of T2DM.

UNASSIGNED: Ageing is a natural process of life. With increasing age, the skin suffers progressive morphological and physiological decrement. Hyperpigmentation, Wrinkles, and roughness of skin are some of the symptoms of aged skin. Exposure to sunlight, pollution, stress, nicotine, etc aggravates Skin aging. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of polyherbal formulation and compare its efficacy with the standard drug tretinoin in subjects of moderate to advanced Photoaged facial skin. Ingredients of polyherbal formulation are Aarade baqla (Vicia faba), Jau (Hordeum vulgare), Nakhud (Cicer arietinum),Masoor (Lens esculenta), Tukhm e turb (Raphanus sativus), Khardal (Brassica nigra), Haldi (Curcuma longa), Kateera (Cochlospermum religiosum).
UNASSIGNED: This was a randomized open-label standard controlled study. 82 eligible subjects were allocated equally into test and control groups by computer-generated random numbers. In the test group, a paste of 15 gm polyherbal formulation in milk, and the control group, 0.025% Tretinoin 1 gram was used topically on the face once a day for two months. The response was assessed by theclinician using following different scales for different parameters.
UNASSIGNED: It was assessed by the Skin Hyperpigmentation Index online calculator (SHI). It describes the ratio of two scores, namely the hyperpigmented skin of the affected area and normal sun-protected skin from the same patient. The image was recorded with a Digital microscope-Win7 from a hyperpigmented area and normal sun-protected area. Both the images were uploaded on https://shi.skinimageanalysis.com/ and calculated the mean value of hyperpigmentation. SHI ranges from 1 (no hyperpigmentation) to 4 (maximum hyperpigmentation) where scores between 1 and 2 showed as light hyperpigmentation, 2-3 as medium hyperpigmentation, and scores between 3 and 4 as severe hyperpigmentation.
UNASSIGNED: Fine wrinkles number was determined by digital photography. The photographs were taken through Canon EOS 1500D DSLR Camera with an 18-55 mm Lens. Three images were taken of each subject\'s face (right, left, and center full face) on Baseline and Day 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th to assess visible changes/improvement in their fine wrinkles score.
UNASSIGNED: Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (MFWS) was used to assess Nasolabial folds. The scale comprised four main classes of Nasolabial wrinkling: 0, 1, 2, and 3 representing absent, fine, moderate, and deep wrinkles, respectively, and three inter classes i.e., 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 to estimate wrinkle depth. The definitions of the entire classes of the scale are as follows: Class 0 = No wrinkle. No visible wrinkle; continuous skin line; Class 0.5 = Very shallow yet visible wrinkle; Class 1= Fine wrinkle. Visible wrinkle and slight indentation; Class 1.5= Visible wrinkle and clear indentation. <1-mm wrinkle depth; Class 2= Moderate wrinkle. Visible wrinkle, 1- to 2-mm wrinkle depth; Class 2.5= Prominent and visible wrinkle. More than 2-mm and less than 3-mm wrinkle depth; Class 3=Deep wrinkle. Deep and furrow wrinkle; more than 3-mm wrinkle depth.
UNASSIGNED: Forehead lines were assessed (number and depth) by a Validated Grading Scale for Forehead Lines. The Forehead Lines Grading Scale is a 5- point photonumeric rating scale that was developed to objectively quantify resting (static) and hyperkinetic (dynamic) forehead lines. The scale ratings are 0 for no wrinkles, 1 for no wrinkles present at rest but fine lines with facial expression, 2 for fine wrinkles present at rest and deep lines with facial expression, 3 for fine wrinkles present at rest and deeper lines with facial expression, and 4 for deeper wrinkles at rest and deeper furrows with facial expression.
UNASSIGNED: The number of lateral canthal lines was determined by a Validated Grading Scale for Crow\'s Feet. The Crow\'s Feet Grading Scale is a 5- point photonumeric rating scale developed to objectively quantify the severity of crow\'s feet. This scale was applied to two separate evaluations of crow\'s feet: at rest (static) and with expression (dynamic). The scale ratings are 0 for no wrinkles, 1 for very fine wrinkles, 2 for fine wrinkles, 3 for moderate wrinkles, and 4 for severe wrinkles.
UNASSIGNED: The Allergan Skin Roughness Scale was used for facial skin roughness assessment. The area of assessment for the Allergan Skin roughness Scale is the area between the nasolabial fold to the preauricular cheek and from the inferior orbital rim to the mandible. The Allergan Skin Roughness Scale assigns a grade from none (0) to extreme (4) that describes the severity of skin coarseness, crosshatching, and elastosis in the midface area. The scale grading are 0 (None) Smooth visual skin texture, 1 (Minimal) Slightly coarse and uneven visual skin texture, 2 (Moderate) Moderately coarse and uneven visual skin texture; may have early elastosis, 3 (Severe) Severely coarse visual skin texture, cross-hatched fine lines; may have some elastosis, and 4 (Extreme) Extremely coarse visual skin texture, cross Hatched deep creases; extreme elastosis.
UNASSIGNED: Dullness was assessed on a clinical basis with an arbitrary scoring ranging from 0 to 9 where 0-3=mild, 3.5-6=moderate, and 6.5-9=severe facial skin dullness.
UNASSIGNED: Subjects\' life quality was assessed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. It consists of 10 questions. Each question is scored on a four-point Likert scale: Very much = 3, A lot = 2, A little = 1, Not at all = 0, Not relevant = 0 and Question unanswered = 0. The DLQI is calculated by adding the score of each question, resulting in a maximum of 30 and a minimum of 0. Where, 0-1= no effect at all on patient\'s life, 2-5 = small effect on patient\'s life, 6-10 = moderate effect on patient\'s life, 11-20 = very large effect on patient\'s life, 21-30 = extremely large effect on patient\'s life.
UNASSIGNED: Both groups showed a significant improvement in Fine Wrinkles, Forehead Lines, Crow\'s Feet, Roughness, Dullness, Nasolabial Fold, Hyperpigmentation, and Quality of Life parameters. (P < .001) A large number of subjects in the control group reported mild to moderate redness, itching, dryness, and blackening of the skin, while in the test group, absolutely no side effects were reported during treatment.
UNASSIGNED: The effects in both groups were substantial, but the polyherbal formulation is safe and effective for use in photoaged facial skin. It may be a more feasible easily accessible cheap and safe formulation to prevent skin aging and restore skin elasticity and make skin brighter. Further studies to evaluate the efficacy of formulation on objective parameters using standard instruments should be done for appropriate measurements of parameters.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, multi-factorial metabolic disorder and also an important public health issue that requires multi-dimensional therapeutic strategies for effective control. Unani herbs have long been used to effectively mitigate diabetes through various mechanisms. In recent years, it has been speculated that the alteration of gut microbiome ecology is potentially one of the important mechanisms through which the Unani drugs exert hypoglycemic action. This review aims at the trans-disciplinary interpretation of the holistic concepts of the Unani system of medicine and the molecular insights of contemporary medicine for novel strategies for diabetes management.
We searched scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct, etc. Unani classical texts (Urdu, Arabic, and Persian), and medical books, for diabetic control with Unani medicine through the gut microbiome.
Unani medicine defines, diabetes as a urinary system disorder disrupting the transformational faculty (Quwwat Mughayyira) in the gastrointestinal tract. The Unani system and contemporary biomedicine use different epistemology and ontology for describing diabetes through gutderived factors in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Unani Pharmaceutics have reported in clinical and preclinical (in vitro/ in vivo) trials in improving diabetes by altering gut microbiota composition, microvascular dysfunction, and inflammation. However, the preventive plan is the preservance of six essential factors (Asbāb Sitta Ḍarūriyya) as a lifestyle plan.
This is the first study on the integrative strategy about the hypoglycemic effects of Unani herbs that could serve as a prerogative novel approach for cost-effective, holistic, rationalistic, and multi-targeted diabetes management.

Dengue fever has become a major public health concern. It is usually related to intravascular leaking, bleeding disorders, and thrombocytopenia and is recognized as a potent threat to humans. The scarcity of anti-dengue medication or vaccine for such a serious disease leads to an upsurge in the usage of traditional medicines for its proper management. India has diverse biodiversity and a long history of using plant-based remedies. Several medicinal plant extracts have been studied for producing anti-dengue viral activity. AYUSH traditional systems provide a plethora of plants that have been reported to be useful in the treatment of fever. Single and compound plant- based formulations in natural form have been used in Unani holistic approaches. This review serves as a new approach to illustrate the most recent evidence regarding the antiviral activity of various plants by providing scientific proof and also to validate the traditional formulations as effective treatments in dengue fever for global acceptance.

Background: The advancing etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted the medical community to consider Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani as add-on preventive and therapeutic options. Objective: To explore the effect of standalone or integrative Traditional Formulations (TFs) on selected clinical symptoms and biomarkers of COVID-19. Search strategy: Out of 465 articles identified from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1646 COVID-19 patients published from January 2020 to February 2022 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria: RCTs that compared the effect of standalone/integrative TFs in decoction, tablet, and powder forms with placebo plus standard care (SC)/placebo/SC as controls involving mild to severe symptomatic COVID-19 patients were included. Data extraction and analysis: Three reviewers independently assessed the titles and abstracts of each article based on the inclusion after deleting duplicates. The relevant full texts were retrieved and examined, and then their data were extracted and double-checked by three independent reviewers using prepared data extraction forms. The primary outcome variables were reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, headache, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and D-dimer. Results: The effect of different TFs or integrative TFs was more to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) than the controls. There was an increase in fever and cough, a decrease in dyspnea, myalgia, headache, and ESR, no change in CRP, and a slight increase in D-dimer as an effect of TFs. Conclusions: Integrative or standalone TF may be the inexpensive preventive and therapeutic option to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and its clinical symptoms.

UNASSIGNED: The global burden of metabolic disorders is increasing at an alarming rate. These disorders have a huge impact in terms of human suffering and economic implications. There is an urgent need for effective strategies, including the use of traditional systems of medicine, to reduce the burden of these diseases.
UNASSIGNED: The objective of this article is to compile information on preventive strategies for metabolic disorders found in Unani medicine.
UNASSIGNED: A literature survey of classical Unani texts was conducted to understand the conceptual framework in Unani medicine underlying preventive strategies for metabolic disorders. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched to obtain the evidence needed to validate the Unani medicine viewpoint.
UNASSIGNED: Unani scholars have described a set of clinical conditions caused by the insufficiency of the nutritive faculty. These conditions correlate in many ways with metabolic disorders. Cold dystemperament of the liver is considered to be the cause of insufficiency of nutritive faculty. Therefore, care and protection of the liver is considered as the main preventive approach for metabolic disorders in Unani medicine. Several epidemiological studies have also reported a strong relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.
UNASSIGNED: The broad set of approaches (based on its theoretical foundations) used by Unani scholars to maintain the nutritive faculty in its optimal functional state seems to be an effective measure for the prevention of metabolic disorders.

OBJECTIVE: This review focused on the concept of dementia in the Unani system of medicine and comprehensive, updated information on Majoon Vaj about the phytochemistry, nootropic, CNS activities and provide insights into potential opportunities for future research.
METHODS: The classical literature on Majoon Vaj for its anti-dementic properties, and therapeutic uses were gathered from nearly thirteen classical Unani books including Unani Pharmacopoeia. The information of pharmacognosy, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Majoon Vaj and its ingredient was collected by browsing the Internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, Google Scholar, ResearchGate). The relevant primary sources were probed, analysed, and included in this review. The keywords used to browse were Majoon Vaj, Dementia, Nootropic, Acorus calamus, Piper nigram, Zingiber officinalis, Nigella sativa, Carum carvi, Plumbago zeylanica, and β-asarone. Relevant Sources were gathered up to July 2021, and the chemical structures were drawn using ACD/ChemSketch software. The species name and synonyms were checked with WFO (2021): World Flora online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org) an updated version of \'The Plant List.\'
RESULTS: Majoon Vaj contains an excess of bioactive compounds e.g., alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, coumarins, carbohydrates, and fixed oils and its ingredients possess broad pharmacological properties, including cognitive-enhancing, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature of Unani medicine is quite rich in discussing the pathophysiological basis of memory disorders. It argues that memory, retention, and retrieval are regulated by a complex process involving various faculties. Majoon Vaj seems to have great potential for therapeutic applications in the treatment of dementia and thus encourage more preclinical and clinical trials in this field.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L., commonly known as Ḥulba or Methi in Unani medicine, is an annual self-pollinating plant belonging to the Leguminosae family. It has been utilized for centuries to treat a wide range of diseases, and modern research has supported its traditional medicinal claims. In this study, the authors have conducted manual and online searches to gather and summarize the scientific literature on Ḥulba. This article seeks to underscore the potential of Ḥulba in addressing a variety of health conditions as identified by esteemed classical Unani scholars, as well as to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties in contemporary medicine. The authors have utilized electronic databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Ayush Research Portal to filter published material. According to the gathered literature, Unani physicians have consistently recommended Ḥulba seeds for a variety of ailments, such as indigestion, flatulence, colitis, arthritis, backache, paralysis, headaches, common cold, cough, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, vitiligo, and pityriasis. Additionally, the seeds and green leaves of Ḥulba contain several chemical constituents, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and amino acids. Furthermore, several pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Ḥulba possesses various properties, including antidiabetic, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, immunological, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that Ḥulba has been effectively used in Unani medicine for treating a wide range of diseases. Unani scholars have extensively documented its pharmacological properties, which have been supported by modern research studies. However, further research is necessary to validate some of the claims made in traditional medicine using scientific parameters.

UNASSIGNED: Hyperthyroidism, Kasrat-e-Ifraz-e-Darqiyya in Unani medicine, is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Its clinical features are excessive sweating, heat intolerance, increased bowel movements, a voracious appetite, insomnia, tremors, palpitations, and a rapid pulse.
UNASSIGNED: This review intended to investigate the observations in ancient Unani literature, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Ayurveda that correspond to the clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism as well as to identify probable treatments in Unani medicine.
UNASSIGNED: The research team performed a narrative review to evaluate the concept of hyperthyroidism using classical Unani Medicine books, such as Firdaus-Ul-Hikmat (Wisdom of Paradise), Al-Havi Fit Tib (Liber Continence), Kamil- Us- Sana (Liber Regius), Al-Qanoon (The Canon of Medicine), and Zakheera Khvarazm Shahi (The Treasure of Medicine) to assess the perception of hyperthyroidism. The team also searched internet sources, such as Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Publons, and Google Scholar. using keywords such as Su-e-Mizaj Ha\'ar Maddi, Ghair Tabayi Safra, Yang-Yin, Pitta, hyperthyroidism. The study was undertaken at National Institute of Unani medicine, Bengaluru, India.
UNASSIGNED: In TCM, a dominant Yang Qi is considered as cause of hyperthyroidism; in Ayurveda, excessive Pitta production is considered as its cause, and in Unani Medicine it is due to an excess of abnormal bile (Ghair Tabayi Safra). Thus, the traditional systems all view the disease as a manifestation of excessive energy production.
UNASSIGNED: The clinical symptoms of the hot temperament of bile (Su-e-Mizaj Ha\'ar Maddi) and hyperthyroidism are similar in the literature. The resemblance may help medical practitioners to recommend a better approach for preventing, treating, and reducing the condition\'s devastating complications using the treatment approach of Unani medicine. It approaches hyperthyroidism with recommendations for reducing excessive energy production, with the help of restoration of the imbalance in temperament (Mizaj).

UNASSIGNED: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are one of the most common illnesses in humans. Unani medications are widely used for this indication and are considered effective in alleviating the symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: This article aims to document the Unani medications used for URTIs under a single heading and to provide evidence of their efficacy.
UNASSIGNED: A literature survey of classic Unani texts was conducted to screen for single and compound Unani formulations for URTIs. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were searched to obtain evidence regarding the efficacy of these recommended drugs in URTI treatment.
UNASSIGNED: In the Unani medicine literature, the authors found descriptions of 28 single herbs and 40 compound formulations for the treatment of URTIs. A search of electronic databases yielded 13 clinical studies confirming the efficacy of the recommended medications in URTI treatment. These trials demonstrated that the administration of Unani medications significantly accelerated clinical improvement in URTIs.
UNASSIGNED: The findings of the included studies led us to conclude that the use of Unani medicines significantly accelerates clinical improvement in URTIs, as demonstrated by various subjective and objective parameters. Hence, clinically validated Unani medications should be considered for the treatment of URTIs.