目的:在研究了本文之后,参与者应该能够:1。描述三维计算机辅助重建的发展及其在颅面外科中的当前应用。2.概述虚拟手术计划,或者计算机辅助手术模拟,颅面手术的工作流程。3.总结计算机辅助设计技术的原理,如镜像成像和术后结果验证。4.报告计算机辅助制造的能力,例如三维模型的快速成型和患者特定的定制植入物。5.评估在颅面外科中使用三维技术的优缺点。6.批评颅面外科中先进三维技术的证据,并确定未来调查的机会。
结论:颅面外科越来越多地使用,虚拟手术计划用于分析和模拟手术干预。计算机辅助设计和制造生成模型,切割导向器,和定制植入物用于颅面手术。三维计算机辅助重建可以改善结果,增加安全性,提高效率,加强外科教育,帮助外科医生执行复杂颅面手术的能力。子主题包括图像分析,手术计划,虚拟仿真,自定义指南,模型或植入物生成,和验证结果。使用现代三维技术的临床设置包括急性和选择性设置中的获得性和先天性条件。与传统手术相比,这些技术的目的是实现卓越的功能和美学效果。外科医生应该了解这种不断发展的技术,其迹象,局限性,和未来的方向,以最佳方式使用它为病人护理。本文总结了颅面外科中先进的三维技术,并重点介绍了临床概念。
OBJECTIVE: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the evolution of three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction and its current applications in craniofacial surgery. 2. Recapitulate virtual surgical planning, or computer-assisted surgical simulation, workflow in craniofacial surgery. 3. Summarize the principles of computer-aided design techniques, such as mirror-imaging and postoperative verification of results. 4. Report the capabilities of computer-aided manufacturing, such as rapid prototyping of three-dimensional models and patient-specific custom implants. 5. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using three-dimensional technology in craniofacial surgery. 6. Critique evidence on advanced three-dimensional technology in craniofacial surgery and identify opportunities for future investigation.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasingly used in craniofacial surgery, virtual surgical planning is applied to analyze and simulate surgical interventions. Computer-aided design and manufacturing generates models, cutting guides, and custom implants for use in craniofacial surgery. Three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction may improve results, increase safety, enhance efficiency, augment surgical education, and aid surgeons\' ability to execute complex craniofacial operations. Subtopics include image analysis, surgical planning, virtual simulation, custom guides, model or implant generation, and verification of results. Clinical settings for the use of modern three-dimensional technologies include acquired and congenital conditions in both the acute and the elective settings. The aim of these techniques is to achieve superior functional and aesthetic outcomes compared to conventional surgery. Surgeons should understand this evolving technology, its indications, limitations, and future direction to use it optimally for patient care. This article summarizes advanced three-dimensional techniques in craniofacial surgery with cases highlighting clinical concepts.