在欧洲,用于饲料和食品目的的可食用昆虫的兴趣日益增加。需要有关化学危害从底物转移到幼虫的定量信息,以评估食品和饲料安全方面。当有机基质或诸如粪肥的残余流将用作基质时,尤其需要进行这种评估。促进循环食品系统。这项研究调查了兽药从加标底物向黑兵蝇幼虫(Hermetiaillucens)的转移。常用于鸡肉的兽药,育肥猪,和牛,并在粪便中定期检测到:三种不同的抗生素(恩诺沙星,土霉素,磺胺甲恶唑),三个抗球虫药(Narasin,盐霉素,toltrazuril)和一种抗寄生虫药物(eprinomectin)。将化学物质添加到昆虫底物中,使抗生素和抗寄生虫药物的终浓度达到0.5和5mg/kg,和5和50毫克/千克的球虫。黑兵蝇幼虫在加标基质上饲养1周,使用液相色谱和串联质谱法对兽药向幼虫和鱼尾的转移进行定量。只有土霉素和eprinomectin降低了黑兵蝇幼虫的平均体重和/或存活率。兽药向幼虫转移的土霉素平均占19.2%,12%的恩诺沙星,narasin为9.5%,eprinomectin的8.1%,盐霉素3.9%,4.2%的托曲齐利钠,和0.2%的磺胺甲恶唑,相对于底物中的浓度。质量平衡计算显示,幼虫似乎代谢兽药,事实上,恩诺沙星的代谢物,磺胺甲恶唑,在幼虫和frass中检测到了托曲唑。总之,应评估昆虫饲养基质是否存在兽药残留,以确保饲料(和食品)安全,以及对昆虫生长的可能影响。
There is an increasing interest in edible insects in Europe for feed and food purposes. Quantitative information on the transfer of chemical hazards from substrates to larvae is needed to evaluate food and feed safety aspects. This evaluation is especially needed when organic substrates or residual streams such as manure will be applied as substrate, contributing to a circular food system. This study investigated the transfer of veterinary drugs from spiked substrate to black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Veterinary drugs that are commonly administered to chicken, fattening pigs, and cattle and regularly detected in manure were included: three different antibiotics (enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole), three coccidiostats (narasin, salinomycin, toltrazuril) and one antiparasitic drug (eprinomectin). The chemicals were spiked to insect substrate to reach final concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg for the antibiotics and the antiparasitic drug, and 5 and 50 mg/kg for the coccidiostats. Black soldier fly larvae were reared for 1 week on the spiked substrates, and the transfer of the veterinary drugs to the larvae and frass was quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Only oxytetracycline and eprinomectin reduced the average weight and/or survival of the black soldier fly larvae. The transfer of the veterinary drugs to the larvae was on average 19.2% for oxytetracycline, 12% for enrofloxacin, 9.5% for narasin, 8.1% for eprinomectin, 3.9% for salinomycin, 4.2% for toltrazuril, and 0.2% for sulfamethoxazole, relative to concentrations in the substrate. Mass-balance calculations revealed that the larvae seem to metabolise veterinary drugs, and indeed, metabolites of enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and toltrazuril were detected in the larvae and frass. In conclusion, insect-rearing substrates should be evaluated for the presence of veterinary drug residues to ensure feed (and food) safety, as well as because of possible effects on insect growth.