近年来,广泛的研究一直致力于火星探索和可持续的星际人类殖民的潜力。确保火星上生命生存的重大挑战之一在于食物的生产,因为火星环境对农业非常不利,从地球运输食物是不切实际的.为了改善未来火星太空旅行者的福祉和生活质量,发展创新的园艺技术和食品加工技术至关重要。火星环境带来的独特挑战,比如缺氧,营养缺乏的土壤,稀薄的大气层,低重力,寒冷,干旱气候,必须发展先进的农业战略。这项研究探讨了现有的知识和各种技术创新,可以帮助克服与火星上的食品生产和水提取相关的限制。关键在于通过原位资源利用来利用火星上可用的资源。水可以从冰下和火星土壤中提取。此外,在受控环境室内进行水培,配备营养输送系统和废物回收机制,已经被调查为在火星上种植作物的一种手段。畜牧业生产效率低下,这需要大量的水和土地,强调了对替代蛋白质来源的需求,如微生物蛋白质,昆虫,和离体肉。此外,合成生物学和3D食品打印领域在彻底改变食品生产并为人类在火星上的可持续性做出重大贡献方面具有巨大潜力。
In recent years, extensive research has been dedicated to
Mars exploration and the potential for sustainable interplanetary human colonization. One of the significant challenges in ensuring the survival of life on
Mars lies in the production of food as the Martian environment is highly inhospitable to agriculture, rendering it impractical to transport food from Earth. To improve the well-being and quality of life for future space travelers on
Mars, it is crucial to develop innovative horticultural techniques and food processing technologies. The unique challenges posed by the Martian environment, such as the lack of oxygen, nutrient-deficient soil, thin atmosphere, low gravity, and cold, dry climate, necessitate the development of advanced farming strategies. This study explores existing knowledge and various technological innovations that can help overcome the constraints associated with food production and water extraction on
Mars. The key lies in utilizing resources available on
Mars through in-situ resource utilization. Water can be extracted from beneath the ice and from the Martian soil. Furthermore, hydroponics in controlled environment chambers, equipped with nutrient delivery systems and waste recovery mechanisms, have been investigated as a means of cultivating crops on Mars. The inefficiency of livestock production, which requires substantial amounts of water and land, highlights the need for alternative protein sources such as microbial protein, insects, and in-vitro meat. Moreover, the fields of synthetic biology and 3-D food printing hold immense potential in revolutionizing food production and making significant contributions to the sustainability of human life on Mars.