OBJECTIVE: On 18F-Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT, active sarcoid lesions are often difficult to differentiate from malignant lesions. We investigated the potential of the glucose metabolic rate (MRglc, mg/min/100 mL), a new quantification of glucose metabolic kinetics derived from direct reconstruction based on linear Patlak analysis, to distinguish between sarcoidosis and malignant lesions.
METHODS: A total of 100 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) and 67 patients with cancer who underwent four-dimensional FDG PET/CT were enrolled. The lesions with a standardized uptake value (SUV) ≥ 2.7 on the standard scan were included as active lesions in the analysis. SUV and MRglc were derived using data acquired between 30 min and 50 min on four-dimensional FDG PET/CT. The mean value in the volume of interest (size 1.5 cm3) was measured. The diagnostic performance of sarcoidosis using MRglc and SUV was evaluated using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 90 sarcoidosis lesions from 44 CS patients (18 males, 63.4 ± 12.2 years) and 87 malignant lesions from 57 cancer-bearing patients (32 males, 65 ± 14 years) were analyzed. SUV and MRglc for sarcoid lesions were significantly lower than those for malignant lesions (SUV, 4.98 ± 2.00 vs 6.21 ± 2.14; MRglc, 2.52 ± 1.39 vs 3.68 ± 1.61; p < 0.01). ROC analysis indicated that the ability to discriminate sarcoid patients from those with malignancy yielded areas under the curves of 0.703 and 0.754, with sensitivities of 64% and 77% and specificities of 75% and 72% for SUV 5.025 and MRglc 2.855, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: MRglc was significantly lower in sarcoid lesions than malignant lesions, and improved sarcoid lesions identification over SUV alone.
CONCLUSIONS: MRglc improves sarcoid lymph node identification over SUV alone and is expected to shorten the examination time by eliminating delayed scans.
CONCLUSIONS: Active sarcoid lesions are sometimes associated with FDG accumulation and should be differentiated from malignant lesions. SUV and metabolic rate of glucose (MRglc) strongly positively correlated, and MRglc could differentiate sarcoid and malignant lesions. MRglc allows for accurate evaluation and staging of malignant lesions.

Liquid biopsy technology provides invaluable support for the early diagnosis of tumors and surveillance of disease course by detecting tumor-related biomarkers in bodily fluids. Currently, liquid biopsy techniques are mainly divided into two categories: biomarker and label-free. Biomarker liquid biopsy techniques utilize specific antibodies or probes to identify and isolate target cells, exosomes, or molecules, and these techniques are widely used in clinical practice. However, they have certain limitations including dependence on tumor markers, alterations in cell biological properties, and high cost. In contrast, label-free liquid biopsy techniques directly utilize physical or chemical properties of cells, exosomes, or molecules for detection and isolation. These techniques have the advantage of not needing labeling, not impacting downstream analysis, and low detection cost. However, most are still in the research stage and not yet mature. This review first discusses recent advances in liquid biopsy techniques for early tumor diagnosis and disease surveillance. Several current techniques are described in detail. These techniques exploit differences in biomarkers, size, density, deformability, electrical properties, and chemical composition in tumor components to achieve highly sensitive tumor component identification and separation. Finally, the current research progress is summarized and the future research directions of the field are discussed.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) serves as a specialized nutritional assessment instrument designed for cancer patients. Despite its specificity, the complexity and time requirements of this tool, along with the necessity for administration by trained professionals, limit its practicality in clinical settings. Our objective is to identify a straightforward, efficient, and dependable nutritional assessment tool to promote broader adoption in clinical practice.
UNASSIGNED: This study encompassed a total of 450 patients diagnosed with cancer. Of these, 315 individuals constituted the training set, and the remaining 135 were allocated to the external validation set. The model variables were identified through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method. Binary logistic regression outcomes facilitated the development of a nomogram, offering a visual depiction of the predicted probabilities. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram model was evaluated by calculating the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.
UNASSIGNED: The LASSO method detected four variables that were included in the final prediction model: age, serum albumin levels (ALB), body mass index (BMI), and activities of daily living (ADL). The area under the curve (AUC) for this prediction model was 0.905. Both the internal and external calibration curves for malnutrition showed that the predictive nomogram model was highly accurate.
UNASSIGNED: The study has developed a prediction model that demonstrates remarkable accuracy in forecasting malnutrition. Furthermore, it presents a streamlined nutritional assessment tool aimed at swiftly identifying cancer patients at nutritional risk, thereby facilitating oncologists in delivering targeted nutritional support to these individuals.

UNASSIGNED: Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm in which the tumor cells produce defective and immature bone (osteoid). The risk factors for developing the disease include: Patients with hereditary retinoblastoma and germline mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene.
UNASSIGNED: A 32-year old male presented with pain and swelling of the left thigh of 9 months duration. The pain was progressive, excruciating, worse at night, and unresponsive to paracetamol with moderate weight loss. He had sought treatment from a traditional bonesetter 6 months before presentation and had no improvement of the symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: In medullary osteosarcoma of the femur, where there is extracomparmental disease with no distant metastasis, clinically and radiologically, radical tumor resection with a free oncological margin increases survival of the patient up to 7 years.

暂无摘要。

Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, a groundbreaking cancer treatment, has achieved remarkable success against hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T monotherapy faces challenges in certain cases, including treatment tolerance and relapse rates. To overcome these challenges, researchers are investigating combining CAR-T cells with other treatments to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the progress of research in combining CAR-T cells for hematologic malignancies. It covers the basic principles and clinical applications of CAR-T cell therapy, detailing combinations with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, radiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other treatments. These combinations synergistically enhance the antitumor effects of CAR-T cells and comprehensively target tumors through different mechanisms, improving patient response and survival rates.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with malignant tumors.
METHODS: Patients with malignant tumors and suffering from chemotherapy were randomly divided into control group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and observation group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients of the control group were treated by orally taking ondansetron hydrochloride tablets 8 mg/time, 3 times a day for 3 d, and those of the observation group treated by ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation of Zusanli(ST36), Neiguan(PC6), Tianshu(ST25), Zhongwan(CV12) and Guanyuan(CV4) once a day for a total of 3 d, based on the treatment of the control group. The patients\' gastrointestinal reaction degree after the 1st , 2nd and the 3rd day of treatment were recorded. The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score (0-100 points) was used for assessing the patients\' quality of life. The TCM syndrome score (4 grades：no, mild, medium and severe, i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6 points) was given according to the patients\' severity of symptoms of spleen (stomach) qi deficiency (nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension after eating, belching, loss of appetite, weakness and laziness to speak, fatigue, and loose stool). The safety of the treatment was assessed by examining the patients\' blood routine, liver function and kidney function, and the adverse reactions including blisters, allergies, burns and fainting during acupuncture treatment.
RESULTS: After the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment, the patients conditions of vomiting and nausea in the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The TCM syndrome score and KPS score were significantly decreased in comparison with those of pre-treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the TCM syndrome score was obviously lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the KPS score after the treatment , and in the levels of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine(Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation is safe for CINV patients, and can effectively relieve nausea and vomiting and alleviate digestive symptoms.
目的: 观察隔姜灸联合揿针防治恶性肿瘤患者化疗所致恶心呕吐（CINV）的有效性和安全性。方法: 恶性肿瘤化疗患者随机分为对照组（35例，退出和脱落4例）和观察组（35例，退出2例）。对照组给予盐酸昂丹司琼片8 mg口服，每日3次，共治疗3 d；观察组在对照组的基础上取足三里、内关、天枢、中脘、关元行隔姜灸联合揿针治疗，每日1次，共治疗3 d。观察两组患者治疗第1、2、3天后消化道反应程度，治疗前后的卡氏（KPS）评分、中医证候评分及相关安全性指标。结果: 观察组治疗第2、3天的消化道反应程度优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患者中医证候评分较治疗前均降低（P<0.01），观察组低于对照组（P<0.01）。治疗后，两组患者的KPS评分均低于治疗前（P<0.01）。两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论: 在常规止吐方案的基础上，采用隔姜灸联合揿针疗法治疗CINV舒适安全，能有效缓解患者的恶心呕吐，减轻消化系统症状。.

Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably, destroying tissues. A malignant tumor arises from cells in the cervix, the lower portion of the uterus (womb) that links the uterus to the vagina (birth canal), and is known as cervical cancer. One of the most significant global community health problems is cancer, which sees a daily increase in the number of sufferers. Therefore, it is crucial to expand our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of cervical cancer and to suggest new therapeutic goals as well as new techniques for early detection of the illness. Since early diagnosis of pathologies can dramatically increase a patient\'s chance of survival, prognosis, and recurrence. This article aims to educate readers about some essential concepts surrounding cervical cancer, including the various types of cervical cancer, the stages of cancer, as well as their etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, management, and treatment, and its relationship with pregnancy. All of these concepts are essential for any individual studying medicine or working in the medical industry to understand. We intend to summarize the information that is currently available and the recommended courses of action for treating cervical cancer and its association with pregnancy in this review. Research priorities and controversies are also noted.

UNASSIGNED: To investigate the effects of motivational interview education on psychological status, compliance behavior and quality of life in patients with malignant tumors combined with diabetes mellitus.
UNASSIGNED: This is a retrospective study. Eighty patients with malignant tumors combined with diabetes mellitus admitted at The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022 were included as subjects and divided into observation group and control group according to the intervention measures. Patients in the control group were given routine health education intervention, while those in the observation group were given motivational interviewing intervention on the basis of the control group. We compared the prognosis, cognitive function, quality of life, relief of cancer pain before intervention and three months after the intervention of the two groups were compared.
UNASSIGNED: At three months after the intervention, the total remission rate of cancer pain in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(p<0.05), while the levels of FBG and 2hPG in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05). Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating depression scale(SDS) scores decreased in both groups three months after the intervention, with the level of reduction in the observation group being higher than that in the control group(p<0.05). The overall compliance was higher in the observation group than in the control group(p<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Motivational interviewing leads to alleviate negative emotions, improve the psychological status, enhance compliance behavior and improve quality of life in patients with malignant tumors combined with diabetes mellitus.