背景:接触第二代抗精神病药(SGAs)会带来2型糖尿病的风险,但关于SGA的糖尿病效应仍然存在疑问。
目的:评估与两种常用SGA相关的糖尿病风险。
方法:这是一项针对成年精神分裂症患者的回顾性队列研究,在2008-2013年期间,I型双相情感障碍或重度重度抑郁症(MDD)暴露于阿立哌唑或奥氮平的连续单药治疗长达24个月,没有其他抗精神病药物的前期暴露。新诊断的2型糖尿病被量化与目标最小损失为基础的估计;风险被总结为限制平均生存时间(RMST),平均无糖尿病月数。敏感性分析用于通过适应症评估潜在的混杂因素。
结果:与奥氮平治疗的患者相比,阿立哌唑治疗的患者无糖尿病月数更少。在奥氮平治疗的患者中,RMST更长,按0.25个月[95%CI:0.14,0.36],精神分裂症患者为0.16个月[0.02,0.31]和0.22个月[0.01,0.44],I型双相情感障碍和严重的MDD,分别。尽管一些敏感性分析表明存在未观察到的混杂风险,E值表明这种风险并不严重。
结论:使用稳健的方法并考虑暴露持续时间的影响,我们发现,无论诊断如何,与奥氮平单药治疗相比,阿立哌唑相关的2型糖尿病风险略高.如果尽管我们的方法,这个结果仍受到无法测量的选择,这表明临床医生成功地确定了奥氮平糖尿病风险低的候选药物.需要进行验证性研究,但是这种见解表明,奥氮平在精心挑选的患者的治疗中可能发挥更大的作用,特别是对于那些精神分裂症患者,考虑到药物的有效性优势。
BACKGROUND: Exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) carries a risk of type 2 diabetes, but questions remain about the diabetogenic effects of SGAs.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the diabetes risk associated with two frequently used SGAs.
METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder or severe major depressive disorder (MDD) exposed during 2008-2013 to continuous monotherapy with aripiprazole or olanzapine for up to 24 months, with no pre-period exposure to other antipsychotics. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was quantified with targeted minimum loss-based estimation; risk was summarised as the restricted mean survival time (RMST), the average number of diabetes-free months. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate potential confounding by indication.
RESULTS: Aripiprazole-treated patients had fewer diabetes-free months compared with olanzapine-treated patients. RMSTs were longer in olanzapine-treated patients, by 0.25 months [95% CI: 0.14, 0.36], 0.16 months [0.02, 0.31] and 0.22 months [0.01, 0.44] among patients with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder and severe MDD, respectively. Although some sensitivity analyses suggest a risk of unobserved confounding, E-values indicate that this risk is not severe.
CONCLUSIONS: Using robust methods and accounting for exposure duration effects, we found a slightly higher risk of type 2 diabetes associated with aripiprazole compared with olanzapine monotherapy regardless of diagnosis. If this result was subject to unmeasured selection despite our methods, it would suggest clinician success in identifying olanzapine candidates with low diabetes risk. Confirmatory research is needed, but this insight suggests a potentially larger role for olanzapine in the treatment of well-selected patients, particularly for those with schizophrenia, given the drug\'s effectiveness advantage among them.