■耐药性和缺乏分子治疗靶标是骨肉瘤(OS)管理的主要挑战。鉴定与OS复发和化疗抗性相关的新的遗传改变将具有科学和临床意义。
■为了确定与OS复发和化疗耐药相关的潜在遗传改变,我们收集了一名20岁男性骨肉瘤患者的原发灶(p-OS)和辅助化疗5个月后形成的转移性肿瘤(m-OS)的活检.两种OS标本均进行癌症靶向下一代测序(NGS),并在三维条件下培养其细胞悬液以建立球体治疗模型。针对检测到的突变基因GPC3的面向转录本的Sanger测序,在p-OS和m-OS组织和球状体的RNA样品上进行。阐明了抗GPC3抗体及其与顺铂的组合对m-OS球体的影响。
■NGS在p-OS中显示了4个突变(GPC3,SOX10,MDM4和MAPK8)和6个扩增(MDM2,CDK4,CCND3,RUNX2,GLI1和FRS2),和m-OS中的3个突变(GPC3,SOX10和EGF)和10个扩增(CDK4,CCND3,MDM2,RUNX2,GLI1,FRS2,CARD11,RAC1,SLC16A7和PMS2)。在这些改动中,GPC3的突变丰度在p-OS中最高(56.49%),在m-OS中增加1.54倍。面向GPC3转录本的Sanger测序证实了外显子4中1046处的突变,免疫组织化学染色显示m-OS组织及其球状体中GPC3的产生增加。EdU细胞增殖和钙黄绿素/PI细胞活力测定揭示了抗OS一线药物(多柔比星,顺铂,甲氨蝶呤,异环磷酰胺和卡铂),10μM卡铂对p-OS的抑制作用最好,但对m-OS球体没有抑制作用。2μg/mL抗GPC3抗体有效地使m-OS球体自行死亡(76.43%)或与顺铂联合使用(92.93%)。
■这项研究表明,在转移性骨肉瘤及其具有多药耐药性的球体中,突变型GPC3的丰度增加和表达上调。由于GPC3靶向治疗已用于治疗肝细胞癌,并且对OSPDS也有效,GPC3可能是骨肉瘤的一个新的预后参数和治疗靶点。
UNASSIGNED: Drug resistance and the lack of molecular therapeutic target are the main challenges in the management of osteosarcomas (OSs). Identification of novel genetic alteration(s) related with OS recurrence and chemotherapeutic resistance would be of scientific and clinical significance.
UNASSIGNED: To identify potential genetic alterations related with OS recurrence and chemotherapeutic resistance, the biopsies of a 20-year-old male osteosarcoma patient were collected at primary site (p-OS) and from its metastatic tumor (m-OS) formed after 5 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Both OS specimens were subjected to cancer-targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and their cell suspensions were cultured under three-dimensional condition to establish spheroid therapeutic model. Transcript-oriented Sanger sequencing for GPC3, the detected mutated gene, was performed on RNA samples of p-OS and m-OS tissues and spheroids. The effects of anti-GPC3 antibody and its combination with cisplatin on m-OS spheroids were elucidated.
UNASSIGNED: NGS revealed 4 mutations (GPC3, SOX10, MDM4 and MAPK8) and 6 amplifications (MDM2, CDK4, CCND3, RUNX2, GLI1 and FRS2) in p-OS, and 3 mutations (GPC3, SOX10 and EGF) and 10 amplifications (CDK4, CCND3, MDM2, RUNX2, GLI1, FRS2, CARD11, RAC1, SLC16A7 and PMS2) in m-OS. Among those alterations, the mutation abundance of GPC3 was the highest (56.49%) in p-OS and showed 1.54 times increase in m-OS. GPC3 transcript-oriented Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutation at 1046 in Exon 4, and immunohistochemical staining showed increased GPC3 production in m-OS tissues and its spheroids. EdU cell proliferation and Calcein/PI cell viability assays revealed that of the anti-OS first line drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, methotrexate, ifosfamide and carboplatin), 10 μM carboplatin exerted the best inhibitory effects on the p-OS but not the m-OS spheroids. 2 μg/mL anti-GPC3 antibody effectively committed m-OS spheroids to death by itself (76.43%) or in combination with cisplatin (92.93%).
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrates increased abundance and up-regulated expression of mutant GPC3 in metastatic osteosarcoma and its spheroids with multidrug resistance. As GPC3-targeting therapy has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinomas and it is also effective to OS PDSs, GPC3 would be a novel prognostic parameter and therapeutic target of osteosarcomas.