背景:在S的生殖周期中(S.阿格斯),它们的性腺经历变性和再成熟,包括细胞外基质(ECM)中蛋白质的降解。基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs),一个锌蛋白酶家族,在ECM降解中起着至关重要的作用。
目的:我们的目的是鉴定S.argus的MMP基因家族,并确定其在性腺发育各个阶段的基因表达水平。
方法:通过使用基本局部比对搜索工具(BLAST)和HMMER鉴定基因组中的S.argus的MMP基因家族。进行了系统发育树和同种学分析,以研究MMP基因家族的进化史。解剖了18只S.argus(9只雄性和9只雌性)的性腺,并进行了定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR),以研究性腺发育不同阶段MMP基因的表达水平。
结果:在S.argus基因组中鉴定出23个MMP家族基因。我们将MMP基因家族分为4类,发现硬骨鱼相对于其他脊椎动物表现出更高的MMP基因拷贝数。通过在性腺发育的不同阶段采样阿格斯,我们观察到睾丸或卵巢中11种MMP基因的相对表达水平上调。10个MMP基因(mmp2、9、14a、15a,15b,16a,17a,23b和24)显示,与卵巢相比,睾丸中的mRNA表达更高,而mmp28在卵巢发育过程中的表达更高。组织分布结果表明,在所有检查的组织中,the表现出最低的相对表达水平。然而,6个基因(mmp2、9、14a、15a,15b,和16a)在所有组织中具有相对高的表达。
结论:结果表明,硬骨鱼特异性全基因组复制是硬骨鱼MMP基因家族形成的主要原因。MMP基因的表达模式表明mmp2、9、14a、15a,15b,16a,17a,23b和24在睾丸发育中起着至关重要的作用,而mmp28对卵巢发育更为重要。局限性:需要进一步的研究来确定它们在性腺发育中的蛋白表达和性腺分化的精确机制。该研究增强了我们对硬骨鱼进化中MMP基因家族的理解,并为进一步研究S.argus中的MMP提供了有价值的见解。
BACKGROUND: During the reproductive cycle of Scatophagus argus (S. argus), their gonads undergo degeneration and re-maturation including the degradation of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc proteases, play a crucial role in ECM degradation.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify the MMP gene family of S. argus and determine their gene expression levels across various stages of gonadal development.
METHODS: The MMP gene family of S. argus in the genome was identified by using basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and HMMER. Phylogenetic tree and synteny analysis were performed to investigate the evolutionary past of the MMP gene family. The gonads of 18 S. argus (9 males and 9 females) were dissected and a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to investigate the expression levels of MMP genes across different stages of gonadal development.
RESULTS: Twenty-three MMP family genes were identified in the genome of S. argus. We divided the MMP gene family into 4 categories and found that teleosts exhibit a higher MMP gene copy number relative to other vertebrates. By sampling S. argus at different stages of gonadal development, we observed an upregulation in relative expression levels of 11 MMP genes in the testis or ovary. Ten MMP genes (mmp2, 9, 14a, 15a, 15b, 16a, 17a, 23b and 24) showed higher mRNA expression in the testis compared to the ovary and mmp28 had higher expression during ovarian development. The tissue distribution results demonstrated that the gills exhibited the lowest relative expression level among all tissues examined. However, 6 genes (mmp2, 9, 14a, 15a, 15b, and 16a) had relatively high expression in all tissues.
CONCLUSIONS: The result suggested that teleost-special whole genome duplication was mainly responsible for the formation of the MMP gene family in teleosts. Expression patterns of MMP genes indicated that mmp2, 9, 14a, 15a, 15b, 16a, 17a, 23b and 24 played a vital role in testicular development while mmp28 was more important for ovarian development. Limitaion: Further studies are needed to determine their protein expressions in gonadal development and precise mechanism in gonadal differentiation. The study enhances our understanding of the MMP gene family in evolution of teleost and provides valuable insights for further research on MMPs in S. argus.