目的:据报道,工作需求会影响睡眠,但是不同水平的工作需求如何影响睡眠仍不清楚。我们研究了工作需求与多种睡眠健康结果之间是否存在曲线关系。
方法:具有线性和二次效应的横截面分析,使用自我管理的调查数据。
方法:美国成年人的全国样本。
方法:美国中年工人研究(MIDUS2;n=2927)。
方法:工作内容问卷评估了工作需求的总体和5个具体方面(强度,角色冲突,工作过载,时间压力,和中断)。跨5个维度的习惯性睡眠健康模式(规律性,满意度/质量,白天警觉性,效率,和持续时间)进行了评估。年龄,性别,种族/民族,婚姻/伴侣身份,教育,工作任期,工作时间,身体质量指数,吸烟状况,和研究样本为协变量。
结果:工作需求和睡眠结果之间存在显著的线性和二次关系。具体来说,线性效应表明,工作要求较高的参与者睡眠健康状况较差,例如较短的持续时间,更大的不规则性,效率更低,和更多的睡眠不满。二次效应,然而,这表明,当参与者的工作要求适中而不是过低或过高时,睡眠规律性和效率结果是最好的。这些影响适用于总体工作需求以及工作需求的特定方面。分层分析进一步表明,这些曲线关联主要是由工作控制力低的参与者驱动的。
结论:工作需求处于中等水平,特别是如果结合适当的工作控制,与最佳睡眠健康有关。
It has been reported that job demands affect sleep, but how different levels of job demands affect sleep remains unclear. We examined whether curvilinear relationships exist between job demands and multiple sleep health outcomes.
Cross-sectional analyses with linear and quadratic effects, using self-administered survey data.
A national sample of US adults.
Workers from Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS2; n = 2927).
The Job Content Questionnaire assessed overall and 5 specific aspects of job demands (intensity, role conflict, work overload, time pressure, and interruptions). Habitual sleep health patterns across 5 dimensions (regularity, satisfaction/quality, daytime alertness, efficiency, and duration) were assessed. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital/partnered status, education, job tenure, work hours, body mass index, smoking status, and study sample were covariates.
There were significant linear and quadratic relationships between job demands and sleep outcomes. Specifically, the linear effects indicated that participants with higher job demands had worse sleep health, such as shorter duration, greater irregularity, greater inefficiency, and more sleep dissatisfaction. The quadratic effects, however, indicated that sleep regularity and efficiency outcomes were the best when participants\' job demands were moderate rather than too low or too high. These effects were found for overall job demands as well as for specific aspects of job demands. Stratified analyses further revealed that these curvilinear associations were mainly driven by participants with low job control.
Moderate levels of job demands, especially if combined with adequate job control, are related to optimal sleep health.