寻常狼疮(LV)是一种可因接种而发生的低杆菌性皮肤结核,淋巴管,或血源性途径。它发生在对结核病具有高免疫力的先前致敏个体中。LV可以有不同的表现形态,这可能导致诊断困难。结核菌素试验呈强烈阳性。组织病理学将显示浅层真皮中的上皮样肉芽肿和肉芽肿中很少显示的抗酸杆菌。皮肤镜检查将显示在黄色至橙色背景上的聚焦线性血管。文化是诊断的黄金标准,但是它的阳性率很低。结核分枝杆菌可以使用聚合酶链反应从病变中检测到。组织病理学,结核菌素试验,皮肤镜,分子测试,和文化将有助于诊断LV。这篇综述讨论了引言,发病机制,临床特征,鉴别诊断,调查,并发症,并详细治疗寻常性狼疮。这篇综述可以帮助皮肤科医生通过适当的诊断和治疗更好地了解病情。
Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a type of paucibacillary cutaneous tuberculosis that can occur due to inoculation, lymphatic, or hematogenous route. It occurs in a previously sensitized individual with high immunity to tuberculosis. LV can have different morphology of presentation, which can lead to difficulty in diagnosis. The Tuberculin test is strongly positive. Histopathology will show epithelioid granulomas in the superficial dermis and acid-fast bacilli rarely demonstrable within the granulomas. Dermoscopy will show focused linear vessels on a yellow to orange background. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but its positivity rate is low. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli can be detected using polymerase chain reaction from the lesions. Histopathology, tuberculin test, dermoscopy, molecular test, and culture would help diagnose LV. This review discusses the introduction, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, complications, and treatment of lupus vulgaris in detail. This review can help the dermatologist understand the condition better with appropriate diagnosis and therapy.