人类世是由人类活动引起的快速变化时期,包括影响当地社区的物种组成和它们之间的连通性的脉冲和压力干扰,在多个尺度上产生时空动力学。我们连续28年评估了全球变暖和反复的强烈飓风对波多黎各山地热带雨林腹足动物群落的影响。具体来说,我们每年量化元社区结构;评估全球变暖的影响,飓风引起的干扰,和次生演替对元统结构年际变化的影响;并评估了以前土地利用对元统结构的遗产。在28年的时间内,每年对腹足动物进行采样,其特征是与3次主要飓风(HurricanesHugo,乔治,和玛丽亚)。每年,我们评估了一致性(物种的环境分布沿着共同的潜在环境梯度不间断的程度),物种范围周转,和物种范围边界聚集;并对每对物种进行了共生分析。我们使用广义线性混合效应模型来评估元社区对全球变暖和干扰方面的长期响应。元社区结构非常稳定,具有一致的物种共现模式。扰动,变暖,演替阶段对元社区结构影响不大。尽管环境条件的时间变化很大,物种群体通过空间和时间跟踪他们的生态位,以保持相同的总体结构。因此,元社区结构对多种干扰具有很强的抵抗力和弹性,即使是那些极大改变森林结构的人。
The Anthropocene is a time of rapid change induced by human activities, including pulse and press disturbances that affect the species composition of local communities and connectivity among them, giving rise to spatiotemporal dynamics at multiple scales. We evaluate effects of global warming and repeated intense hurricanes on gastropod metacommunities in montane tropical rainforests of Puerto Rico for each of 28 consecutive years. Specifically, we quantified metacommunity structure each year; assessed effects of global warming, hurricane-induced disturbance, and secondary succession on interannual variation in metacommunity structure; and evaluated legacies of previous land use on metacommunity structure. Gastropods were sampled annually during a 28-year period characterized by disturbance and succession associated with 3 major hurricanes (Hurricanes Hugo, Georges, and Maria). For each year, we evaluated coherence (the extent to which the environmental distributions of species are uninterrupted along a common latent environmental gradient), species range turnover, and species range boundary clumping; and conducted co-occurrence analyses for each pair of species. We used generalized linear mixed-effects model to evaluate long-term responses of the metacommunity to aspects of global warming and disturbance. Metacommunity structure was remarkably stable, with consistent patterns of species co-occurrence. Disturbance, warming, and successional stage had little effect on metacommunity structure. Despite great temporal variation in environmental conditions, groups of species tracked their niche through space and time to maintain the same general structure. Consequently, metacommunity structure was highly resistant and resilient to multiple disturbances, even those that greatly altered forest structure.