日常活动经常发生在熟悉的环境中,给我们一个学习的机会。实验室研究表明,人们很容易对过去经常包含搜索目标的位置产生隐含的空间偏好。这些研究,然而,专注于群体特征,淡化个体差异的重要性。在一项预先注册的研究中,我们研究了隐式位置概率学习(LPL)任务的两个变体中个体差异的稳定性。我们测试了在共享相同搜索过程的变体中个体差异稳定的可能性,但不是在涉及不同搜索过程的变体中。在实验1中,参与者执行了交替的T-in-Ls和5-in-2s搜索任务块。他们不知道,搜索目标不成比例地经常出现在一个空间区域;两个任务之间的高概率区域不同。LPL在两个任务之间转移。此外,在T任务中表现出更高LPL的个体在5任务中也表现出更高的LPL,反之亦然。在实验2中,参与者在背景噪声中搜索伪装的T或在分割良好的Ls中搜索分割良好的T。这两个任务产生了特定于任务的学习,而这些学习不会在任务之间转移。此外,学习中的个体差异与任务之间没有相关性。因此,LPL与跨变体的稳定个体差异相关,但只有当变体共享共同的搜索过程时。
Daily activities often occur in familiar environments, affording us an opportunity to learn. Laboratory studies have shown that people readily acquire an implicit spatial preference for locations that frequently contained a search target in the past. These studies, however, have focused on group characteristics, downplaying the significance of individual differences. In a pre-registered study, we examined the stability of individual differences in two variants of an implicit location probability learning (LPL) task. We tested the possibility that individual differences were stable in variants that shared the same search process, but not in variants involving different search processes. In Experiment 1, participants performed alternating blocks of T-among-Ls and 5-among-2s search tasks. Unbeknownst to them, the search target appeared disproportionately often in one region of space; the high-probability regions differed between the two tasks. LPL transferred between the two tasks. In addition, individuals who showed greater LPL in the T-task also did so in the 5-task and vice versa. In Experiment 2, participants searched for either a camouflaged-T against background noise or a well-segmented T among well-segmented Ls. These two tasks produced task-specific learning that did not transfer between tasks. Moreover, individual differences in learning did not correlate between tasks. Thus, LPL is associated with stable individual differences across variants, but only when the variants share common search processes.