黎凡特早期旧石器时代(约45-30ka)一直是研究的焦点,因为它作为人类管道的独特地位,flora,和非洲和欧亚大陆之间的动物物种。研究主要集中在早期Ahmarian和LevantineAurignacian上,两个实体,前者是地方病,后者是外国的,在此期间被认为与该地区共存。然而,其他文化实体,例如地中海地区的Atlitian和黎凡特南部干旱地区的Arkov-Divshon受到的关注较少,因此,遭受广泛的定义和按时间顺序的不安全感。这些文化拥有关于细微差别适应的潜在见解,相互影响,和历时同化过程。最近在犹太沙漠中发现的NahalRahaf2Rockshelter遗址提供了有关其中一个实体-Arkov-Divshon的完整信息。两个挖掘季节揭示了一系列考古层,具有岩性组合,其中横向的岩性突出。除了丰富的动物群,材料培养的其他组成部分包括穿孔海壳和骨骼工具,标志着这些元素与Arkov-Divshon的第一个关联,并暗示与黎凡特地中海地区有一定程度的接触。有机材料的良好保存使得该地点的人类职业的放射性碳测年可以达到约37.5-34.0卡卡血压,表明与黎凡特·奥里尼亚克的时间顺序重叠,也可能与早期Ahmarian的最新阶段。因此,挑战了黎凡特上旧石器时代被广泛接受的“两个传统”模型的有效性。岩性分析表明,使用了一种主要的还原顺序,并从炭化物品中初步生产了小花。动物遗骸建议有针对性地狩猎山羊和瞪羚。植物遗骸和沉积分析表明环境条件大致相似,在场地周围有可能的woodier环境。
The Levantine Early Upper Paleolithic (ca. 45-30 ka) has been a focus of research because of its unique position as a conduit of human, flora, and fauna species between Africa and Eurasia. Studies have mainly focused on the Early Ahmarian and Levantine Aurignacian, two entities, the former endemic and the latter foreign, which are considered to have coinhabited the region during that period. However, other cultural entities, such as the Atlitian in the Mediterranean region and the Arkov-Divshon in the arid regions of the southern
Levant received less attention, and accordingly, suffer from broad definitions and chronological insecurity. These cultures hold potential insights regarding nuanced adaptations, reciprocal influences, and diachronic assimilation processes. The recently discovered site of Nahal Rahaf 2 Rockshelter in the Judean Desert provides integral information on one of these entities-the Arkov-Divshon. Two excavation seasons revealed a sequence of archaeological layers, with lithic assemblages in which laterally carinated items were prominent. Alongside rich faunal assemblages, other components of the material culture include perforated marine shells and bone tools, marking the first association of these elements with Arkov-Divshon and implying some degree of contact with the Mediterranean regions of the
Levant. Good preservation of organic materials allowed radiocarbon dating of the human occupation at the site to ca. 37.5-34.0 ka cal BP, indicating chronological overlap with the Levantine Aurignacian, and possibly also with the latest phases of the Early Ahmarian. Thus, challenging the validity of the widely accepted \'Two Tradition\' Model of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic. Lithic analyses suggest the use of one main reduction sequence and the primary production of bladelets from carinated items. Faunal remains suggest targeted hunting of ibex and gazelle. Botanical remains and sedimentary analyses suggest roughly similar environmental conditions, with a possible woodier environment in the surroundings of the site.