In involuntary distance education, like during epidemics and wars, students often feel heightened learning anxiety, impacting outcomes. Despite innovative teaching methods, many face hurdles in distance learning. We want to propose specific strategies to solve learning difficulties in distance education.
OBJECTIVE: This study explored whether using digital concept maps (DCM) in physiology courses can reduce learning anxiety among nursing students.
METHODS: The study was quasi-experimental, including a pre-and post-test control group.
METHODS: 71 nursing students aged 16-18 enrolled in a physiology course were recruited in the study. DCM was the intervention as a tool for in-person learning (first 12 weeks) and distant learning (final six weeks). Each student was required to complete the assignments independently to compare learning outcomes. Questionnaires were administered, and an assignment evaluation was completed before and after the course\'s different formats.
RESULTS: DCM using software using mobile vehicles (mobile, notebook, pad) is digital learning to help nursing students learn difficult subjects. DCM improved the students\' learning motivation and effectiveness more in distance learning than in-person learning, decreasing learning anxiety in both face-to-face and distance learning.
CONCLUSIONS: DCM promoted students\' self-regulated learning and positively affected learning outcomes by increasing motivation and reducing stress. This study offers a tailored teaching framework for international settings to reduce student anxiety and improve learning effectiveness.

The prevalence of learning anxiety among Chinese migrant middle school students is a notable concern in academia. There is a wealth of research on the effects of internal and external locus of control on learning anxiety, but there is still a lack of research on unknown locus of control. To grasp the situation of migrant middle school students in terms of learning anxiety, to understand the relationship between migrant middle school students\' unknown locus of control and learning anxiety, this study surveyed 351 migrant middle school students, using Mental Health Test, Multidimensional Measure of Children\'s Perceptions of Control, Middle School Students Learning Motivation Scale to do the questionnaire survey. The data analysis conducted through SPSS software revealed the following findings: (1) There is a positive prediction of learning anxiety from an unknown locus of control (β = 0.139, p < 0.05). (2) Unknown locus of control indirectly influences learning anxiety through both learning goal distress and excessive learning motivation. Learning goal distress and excessive learning motivation partially mediate the relationship between unknown locus of control and learning anxiety. The total magnitude of the indirect effects is 0.15 (p<0.05). The effect is significant, but the size of the effect is small and the issue of generalizability should be considered. The research findings suggest that the unknown locus of control indirectly affects learning anxiety through difficulties with learning goals and excessive learning motivation. It is suggested that increasing opportunities for students to make independent choices and to develop their sense of self-control in daily lessons; guiding students to set appropriate learning goals, avoiding too high or too low, emphasizing refinement of goals and the combination of long-term and short-term goals.

UNASSIGNED: This study investigates the intricate relationship between parents\' education anxiety and children\'s learning anxiety, examining the mediating role of parenting style and the moderating effect of extracurricular tutoring.
UNASSIGNED: Utilizing data from the \"Survey of Parents and Students in Primary and Secondary Schools,\" the study employs stratified sampling (n = 3,298) and various psychological scales to measure education anxiety, parenting styles, and extracurricular tutoring.
UNASSIGNED: This study reveals that parents\' education anxiety significantly influences children\'s learning anxiety, with a notable positive correlation (r = 0.301**). Parenting styles particularly rejection and overprotection style increase this anxiety, while emotional warmth style decreases it. Academic tutoring serves as a moderator, reducing the impact of parental anxiety on children\'s learning anxiety (β = -0.033, p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: The study underscores the importance of addressing internal family dynamics to alleviate education anxiety. It advocates for a balanced approach to tutoring, emphasizing the benefits of arts and sports activities in reducing learning anxiety. Parents should be encouraged to adopt emotionally warm parenting styles and to engage their children in a variety of extracurricular activities.

UNASSIGNED: The university stage is critical for cultivating and enhancing students\' practical English proficiency, encompassing listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translation skills. Losing interest in English studies at this stage not only hampers the development of practical English competence but also has a negative impact on future employment and personal growth.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to explore to how English language learning anxiety (ELLA) affects academic burnout (AB) of freshman in China and explores the role of academic peer support (APS) and academic self-efficacy (ASE) in the relationship between the two.
UNASSIGNED: The study involved 1,355 college students who completed English Language Learning Anxiety Scale, the English Academic burnout Scale, Academic Peer Relationship Scale, the Academic Self-efficacy Scale.
UNASSIGNED: AB was significantly impacted by ELLA. ELLA and AB were mediated by ASE. Another factor that acted as a mediator between ELLA and AB was APS. ELLA and AB were mediated by a chain reaction involving ASE and APS.
UNASSIGNED: The chain mediation model validated in this study, providing valuable insights into the effects of freshmen\'s ELLA on AB in China, as well as practical insights into the prevention and intervention of ELLA and AB in other current college students.

English is widely regarded as a global language, and it has become increasingly important for global communication. As a result, the demand for English language education has been on the rise. In China, a significant number of individuals are engaged in learning the English language. However, many English learners in China encounter challenges when it comes to developing their speaking skills. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the speaking skills of English learners in China. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through a questionnaire from 455 college students from three different courses (arts, science & business, and commerce) in China. The study findings identified several factors impacting the speaking skills of English learners in China, including limited opportunities for speaking practice, fear of making mistakes, limited exposure to English-speaking environments, inadequate teacher training, and the influence of the Chinese language on English pronunciation. Additionally, the study highlighted that learners who have greater exposure to English-speaking environments and more opportunities for speaking practice tend to demonstrate better speaking skills. The novelty of this study lies in its valuable insights into the factors influencing the speaking skills of English learners in China. Based on the findings, it is recommended that English teachers receive enhanced training to effectively teach speaking skills, and learners should be provided with increased opportunities for speaking practice, such as participating in group discussions or engaging in speaking activities.

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Using education survey data from 153, 317 Grade 4 students and 150, 040 Grade 8 students in China, this study examined the relationship between time on homework and academic achievement and learning anxiety with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. With a classification of time spent on homework into four related variables, this study found that, firstly, time spent on in-school homework during weekdays had positive effects on students\' achievement for both grades, and the positive effect was stronger for Grade 8 students than Grade 4 students. Moreover, a maximum of 1 h was recommended for Grade 4 students. Secondly, time spent on out-of-school homework on weekdays was negatively correlated with students\' academic achievement and positively with learning anxieties. It had greater detrimental effect on Grade 8 than Grade 4. Thirdly, Grade 8 students were encouraged to have more out-of-school homework on weekend with more than 2.8 h on average recommended. It was expected to complement extant studies and provide the practical findings for teachers, practitioners and school policy makers in making any homework assignment planning or conducting interventions.

Learning anxiety is one of the most critical emotional disturbances, which also has a high incidence rate in adolescents. Peer interaction is critical and unique for adolescents. Although previous studies have found that achievement goal orientation has an important role in the development of learning anxiety, its mechanism has not been clarified. This study surveyed 470 adolescents (191 middle school students and 279 high school students; 211 boys) and established a structural equation model to explore the mediating role of peer interaction in the influence of achievement goal orientation on learning anxiety. Results showed that (1) there were significant gender differences in mastery-avoidance goal orientation, peer interaction, and learning anxiety, and there were grade differences in performance-approach goal and performance-avoidance goal orientations; (2) mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, and performance-avoidance goal orientations directly predicted learning anxiety; and (3) social anxiety in peer interactions had a mediating effect on the influence of mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, and performance-avoidance goal orientations on learning anxiety. The findings extend theoretical considerations by teasing out the process of peer interaction affecting the relationship between achievement goal orientation and learning anxiety. Additionally, the results have practical implications for the effective use of peer interaction to reduce learning anxiety.

There is a gradual increase in the use of e-feedback in higher education, but issues regarding learners\' anxiety remain unresolved. In light of the learners\' anxiety, e-feedback would essentially become a formality if they are not proactive in providing constructive feedback. This action research examines three cycles of e-feedback activities performed by 12 doctoral students in an academic writing course in a public university in Macau, China. Specifically, the e-feedback activity involved a comprehensive use of various new educational technology tools, namely Moodle, WeChat and Rain Classroom. This study reveals that the causes of students\' anxiety when using e-feedback are multi-layered, mainly from the use of smartphones as a communication medium for conducting formal learning activities and the lack of interpersonal and English skills for conveying their thoughts when providing e-feedback. The traditional Chinese culture about the importance of \"face\" and interpersonal harmony also has impacts on learners\' e-feedback delivery. These findings shed new lights on pedagogical practice in higher education.

Although a mass of studies has demonstrated the effectiveness of scaffolding through group-dynamic assessment (G-DA) in fostering English as a foreign language (EFL) learners\' language skills and components, its contributions to developing psychological constructs, such as motivation, learning anxiety (LA), and willingness to communicate (WTC) have remained largely unexplored in the context of Iranian high schools. Thus, this study purported to disclose the contributions of G-DA to Iranian high school students\' motivation, LA, and WTC. For these purposes, 124 grade 11 students were chosen through a random sampling method at Shahed High School in Borujerd City, Iran, homogenized through the Oxford Quick Placement test (OQPT), and randomly allocated as a control group (CG) (n = 23) and an experimental group (EG) (n = 23). Afterward, a pre-test, interventions (for 16 one-hour sessions held two times a week as an extra-curricular program), and a post-test were implemented. The results of the independent samples t-tests evidenced that EG\'s motivation significantly improved compared to CG after the interventions. Additionally, the findings revealed that the G-DA-based instruction significantly contributed to relieving EG\'s LA. Further, the results uncovered that a statistically significant difference existed between EG and CG concerning the gains in WTC. The findings gained in this study are anticipated to contribute significantly to the various EFL settings, as well as they offer a variety of recommendations and implications for relevant stakeholders.