城市热岛(UHI)现象受到快速城市化的负面影响,这极大地影响了人们的日常生活,社会经济活动,和城市热环境。这项研究的重点是成分的影响,配置,以及拉合尔地表温度(LST)上的景观格局,巴基斯坦。该研究使用2000年,2010年和2020年获得的Landsat5-TM和Landsat8-OLI/TIRS数据来获取有关土地利用的详细信息,归一化差异植被指数,LST,城市降温岛(UCI),绿色降温岛屿(GCI)和类别和景观级别的景观指标,如景观百分比(PLAND),贴片密度(PD),类面积(CA),最大补丁指数(LPI),补丁数量(NP),聚集指数(AI),景观形状指数(LSI),补丁丰富度(PR),和平均斑块形状指数(SHAPE_MN)。研究结果表明,从2000年到2020年,建成区面积增加了17.57%,而空地,植被,水体下降03.79%,分别为13.32%和0.4%。此外,类级别的景观指标(PLAND,LSI,LPI,PD,AI,和NP)表明,随着时间的推移,拉合尔的景观变得越来越异质和支离破碎。研究区域的平均LST表现出增加趋势,即2000年为18.87°C,2010年为20.93°C,2020年为22.54°C。绿色空间的重大贡献对于减少UHI的影响至关重要,并且由于不透水表面的平均LST是,平均而言,大约比城市绿地高3°C。研究结果还表明,平均LST与绿色空间(为负)和不可渗透表面(为正)之间存在很强的相关性。碎片化和形状复杂性的增加趋势凸显了与LST的正相关关系,而所有面积相关的矩阵,包括PLAND,CA和LPI与LST呈负相关。平均LST与大小显着相关,形状的复杂性,以及不透水表面和绿色空间的聚集,尽管聚集表现出最恒定和最稳健的相关性。结果表明,为了在城市中创造更健康,更舒适的环境,在景观规划和城市设计过程中,城市不透水表面和绿地的配置和组成应该是重要的考虑因素。
The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is negatively impacted by rapid urbanization, which significantly affects people\'s everyday lives, socioeconomic activities, and the urban thermal environment. This study focuses on the impact of composition, configuration, and landscape patterns on land surface temperature (LST) in Lahore, Pakistan. The study uses Landsat 5-TM and Landsat 8-OLI/TIRS data acquired over the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 to derive detailed information on land use, normalized difference vegetation index, LST, urban cooling islands (UCI), green cooling islands (GCI) and landscape metrics at the class and landscape level such as percentage of the landscape (PLAND), patch density (PD), class area (CA), largest patch index (LPI), number of patches (NP), aggregation index (AI), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), patch richness (PR), and mean patch shape index (SHAPE_MN). The study\'s results show that from the years 2000 to 2020, the built-up area increased by 17.57%, whereas vacant land, vegetation, and water bodies declined by 03.79%, 13.32% and 0.4% respectively. Furthermore, landscape metrics at the class level (PLAND, LSI, LPI, PD, AI, and NP) show that the landscape of Lahore is becoming increasingly heterogeneous and fragmented over time. The mean LST in the study area exhibited an increasing trend i.e. 18.87°C in 2000, 20.93°C in 2010, and 22.54°C in 2020. The significant contribution of green spaces is vital for reducing the effects of UHI and is highlighted by the fact that the mean LST of impervious surfaces is, on average, roughly 3°C higher than that of urban green spaces. The findings also demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between mean LST and both the amount of green space (which is negative) and impermeable surface (which is positive). The increasing trend of fragmentation and shape complexity highlighted a positive correlation with LST, while all area-related matrices including PLAND, CA and LPI displayed a negative correlation with LST. The mean LST was significantly correlated with the size, complexity of the shape, and aggregation of the patches of impervious surface and green space, although aggregation demonstrated the most constant and robust correlation. The results indicate that to create healthier and more comfortable environments in cities, the configuration and composition of urban impermeable surfaces and green spaces should be important considerations during the landscape planning and urban design processes.