背景:核桃(核桃)对坚果和木材具有很高的经济价值,并已在世界各地广泛种植和食用。光照在调节核桃胚发育和促进核仁增大中起着重要作用,是影响核桃产量和品质的因素之一。然而,人们对光照对核桃生长和质量的影响知之甚少。研究表明,远红延长下胚轴3(FHY3)和远红损伤反应(FAR1)在植物生长中起着重要作用,光响应,和阻力。因此,在核桃生长发育过程中,在全基因组基础上鉴定了FHY3/FAR1基因,以揭示核桃仁生长发育的潜在调控机制。
结果:在本研究中,共鉴定出61个核桃中的FHY3/FAR1基因家族成员,长度从117aa到895aa不等。这些基因家族成员具有FHY3或FAR1保守结构域,它们不均匀地分布在核桃的15条染色体(Chr)上(Chr16除外)。所有61个FHY3/FAR1基因分为五个亚类(I,II,III,IV,和V)通过系统发育树分析。结果表明,同一亚类中具有相似结构的FHY3/FAR1基因可能参与调控核桃的生长发育。分析了不同核桃仁品种的基因表达谱(Q,T,andF).结果表明,FHY3/FAR1基因可能参与了核桃仁成熟和种皮颜色形成的调控。七个基因(OF07056-RA,OF09665-RA,OF24282-RA,OF26012-RA,OF28029-RA,OF28030-RA,和OF08124-RA)被预测与启动子序列中的类黄酮生物合成基因调节顺式作用元件有关。采用RT-PCR方法验证候选基因在核桃仁发育和颜色变化过程中的表达水平。此外,光应答和MeJA应答是FHY3/FAR1基因家族中重要的启动子调控元件,可能参与光响应,增长,和核桃植物的发育。
结论:本研究结果为补充核桃基因组测序结果提供了有价值的参考,为进一步研究核桃FHY3/FAR1基因功能做铺垫。
BACKGROUND: Juglans sigillata L. (walnut) has a high economic value for nuts and wood and has been widely grown and eaten around the world. Light plays an important role in regulating the development of the walnut embryo and promoting nucleolus enlargement, which is one of the factors affecting the yield and quality of walnut. However, little is known about the effect of light on the growth and quality of walnuts. Studies have shown that far red prolonged hypocotyl 3 (FHY3) and far red damaged response (FAR1) play important roles in plant growth, light response, and resistance. Therefore, FHY3/FAR1 genes were identified in walnuts on a genome-wide basis during their growth and development to reveal the potential regulation mechanisms involved in walnut
kernel growth and development.
RESULTS: In the present study, a total of 61 FHY3/FAR1 gene family members in walnuts have been identified, ranging in length from 117 aa to 895 aa. These gene family members have FHY3 or FAR1 conserved domains, which are unevenly distributed on the 15 chromosomes (Chr) of the walnut (except for the Chr16). All 61 FHY3/FAR1 genes were divided into five subclasses (I, II, III, IV, and V) by phylogenetic tree analysis. The results indicated that FHY3/FAR1 genes in the same subclasses with similar structures might be involved in regulating the growth and development of walnut. The gene expression profiles were analyzed in different walnut
kernel varieties (Q, T, and F). The result showed that some FHY3/FAR1 genes might be involved in the regulation of walnut
kernel ripening and seed coat color formation. Seven genes (OF07056-RA, OF09665-RA, OF24282-RA, OF26012-RA, OF28029-RA, OF28030-RA, and OF08124-RA) were predicted to be associated with flavonoid biosynthetic gene regulation cis-acting elements in promoter sequences. RT-PCR was used to verify the expression levels of candidate genes during the development and color change of walnut kernels. In addition, light responsiveness and MeJA responsiveness are important promoter regulatory elements in the FHY3/FAR1 gene family, which are potentially involved in the light response, growth, and development of walnut plants.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide a valuable reference for supplementing the genomic sequencing results of walnut, and pave the way for further research on the FHY3/FAR1 gene function of walnut.