细胞遗传学分析传统上集中在克隆染色体畸变上,或CCA,并考虑到大量不同的非克隆染色体畸变,或NCCA,微不足道的噪音。我们长达十年的核型进化研究出乎意料地证明了这一点。不仅NCCAs的基线与模糊继承相关,但是NCCAs的频率也可以用于可靠地测量基因组或染色体不稳定性(CIN)。根据基因组结构理论,CIN是癌症进化的共同驱动力,可以统一不同的分子机制,和基因组混乱,包括染色体,生色,和息肉状巨核和微核簇,和不同大小的染色体碎片,包括染色体外的DNA,代表了NCCA的一些极端形式,它们在宏观进化过渡中起着关键作用。在这一章中,理由,定义,简史,在两阶段癌症进化和核型编码系统信息的背景下,讨论了NCCA在癌症中的研究现状。最后,在简要描述了各种类型的CCA之后,我们呼吁在未来的细胞遗传学中对NCCAs进行更多的研究。
Cytogenetic analysis has traditionally focused on the clonal chromosome aberrations, or CCAs, and considered the large number of diverse non-clonal chromosome aberrations, or NCCAs, as insignificant noise. Our decade-long karyotype evolutionary studies have unexpectedly demonstrated otherwise. Not only the baseline of NCCAs is associated with fuzzy inheritance, but the frequencies of NCCAs can also be used to reliably measure genome or chromosome instability (CIN). According to the Genome Architecture Theory, CIN is the common driver of cancer evolution that can unify diverse molecular mechanisms, and genome chaos, including chromothripsis, chromoanagenesis, and polypoidal giant nuclear and micronuclear clusters, and various sizes of chromosome fragmentations, including extrachromosomal DNA, represent some extreme forms of NCCAs that play a key role in the macroevolutionary transition. In this chapter, the rationale, definition, brief history, and current status of NCCA research in cancer are discussed in the context of two-phased cancer evolution and karyotype-coded system information. Finally, after briefly describing various types of NCCAs, we call for more research on NCCAs in future cytogenetics.